Bowden Anna Catherine, Allbaugh Rachel A, Gall Andrew J, Costa Matheus de O, Leis Marina, Sebbag Lionel
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan;28(1):73-80. doi: 10.1111/vop.13242. Epub 2024 Jun 16.
To establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.
A total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.
In 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty-one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro-ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.
Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females/18 males, aged 11 ± 9.1 (0.7-40) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7 ± 2 (1-9) blinks/min; PFL, 11.2 ± 1.2 (9-14) mm; IOP, 14 ± 3.2 (10-22) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2 ± 2.8 (9-14) mm/min; PRTT, 6.8 ± 2.5 (3-13) mm/15 s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (n = 7 birds), corneal fibrosis (n = 3), endothelial pigment (n = 2), uveal cysts (n = 1), lens luxation (n = 1), and uveitis (n = 1). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.
Baseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity.
建立特定眼部诊断测试和结膜共生微生物群的规范数据,并描述智利火烈鸟眼部病变的发生率。
在爱荷华州得梅因市的布兰克公园动物园对41只智利火烈鸟进行了检查。
对20只火烈鸟,在其展区内不受干扰地评估眨眼频率,然后轻轻手动约束以评估睑裂长度(PFL)、水样泪液分泌(一只眼用酚红棉线试验[PRTT],另一只眼用牙髓吸水纸尖泪液试验[EAPPTT])、眼压(IOP;回弹眼压计)和荧光素染色。另外21只火烈鸟被带到暗室进行神经眼科检查、裂隙灯生物显微镜检查和间接检眼镜检查。从7只火烈鸟身上采集拭子用于眼部微生物群评估。
结果以平均值±标准差(范围)表示。火烈鸟包括23只雌性/18只雄性,年龄为11±9.1(0.7 - 40)岁。测试结果:眨眼频率,3.7±2(1 - 9)次/分钟;PFL,11.2±1.2(9 - 14)毫米;IOP,14±3.2(10 - 22)毫米汞柱;EAPPT,10.2±2.8(9 - 14)毫米/分钟;PRTT,6.8±2.5(3 - 13)毫米/15秒。在接受检查的4只鸟中炫光反射呈阳性。病变包括白内障(n = 7只鸟)、角膜纤维化(n = 3)、内皮色素沉着(n = 2)、葡萄膜囊肿(n = 1)、晶状体脱位(n = 1)和葡萄膜炎(n = 1)。眼部微生物群显示出高度的分类多样性。
基线眼部参数和眼科病变发生率有助于兽医对智利火烈鸟进行疾病筛查,同时眼部微生物群显示出高度多样性。