Office of Emergency, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 May 31;15:1359380. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359380. eCollection 2024.
Little studies evaluated the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and spreading the disease from one to another (transmission). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission in Shenzhen during an Omicron BA.2 outbreak period from 1 February to 21 April 2022. The eligible individuals were classified as four sub-cohorts according to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccination status of both the close contacts and their index cases: group 2-2, fully vaccinated close contacts seeded by fully vaccinated index cases (reference group); group 2-3, booster-vaccinated close contacts seeded by fully vaccinated index cases; group 3-2, fully vaccinated close contacts seeded by booster-vaccinated index cases; and group 3-3, booster-vaccinated close contacts seeded by booster-vaccinated index cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the effectiveness of booster vaccination. The sample sizes of groups 2-2, 2-3, 3-2, and 3-3 were 846, 1,115, 1,210, and 2,417, respectively. We found that booster vaccination had an effectiveness against infectiousness of 44.9% (95% CI: 19.7%, 62.2%) for the adults ≥ 18 years, 62.2% (95% CI: 32.0%, 78.9%) for the female close contacts, and 60.8% (95% CI: 38.5%, 75.1%) for the non-household close contacts. Moreover, booster vaccination had an effectiveness against transmission of 29.0% (95% CI: 3.2%, 47.9%) for the adults ≥ 18 years, 38.9% (95% CI: 3.3%, 61.3%) for the female close contacts, and 45.8% (95% CI: 22.1%, 62.3%) for the non-household close contacts. However, booster vaccination against susceptibility did not provide any protective effect. In summary, this study confirm that booster vaccination of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines provides low level of protection and moderate level of protection against Omicron BA.2 transmission and infectiousness, respectively. However, booster vaccination does not provide any protection against Omicron BA.2 susceptibility.
这项研究评估了在奥密克戎 BA.2 流行期间，2022 年 2 月 1 日至 4 月 21 日，深圳对灭活 COVID-19 疫苗加强针接种对易感性、传染性和传播性的有效性。符合条件的个体根据密切接触者及其索引病例的灭活 COVID-19 疫苗接种情况被分为四个亚组：组 2-2，由完全接种疫苗的索引病例播种的完全接种疫苗的密切接触者（参照组）；组 2-3，由完全接种疫苗的索引病例播种的加强针接种的密切接触者；组 3-2，由加强针接种的索引病例播种的完全接种疫苗的密切接触者；和组 3-3，由加强针接种的索引病例播种的加强针接种的密切接触者。应用单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来估计加强针接种的有效性。组 2-2、2-3、3-2 和 3-3 的样本量分别为 846、1115、1210 和 2417。我们发现，加强针接种对 18 岁及以上成年人的传染性的有效性为 44.9%（95%CI：19.7%，62.2%），对女性密切接触者的有效性为 62.2%（95%CI：32.0%，78.9%），对非家庭接触者的有效性为 60.8%（95%CI：38.5%，75.1%）。此外，加强针接种对 18 岁及以上成年人的传播有效性为 29.0%（95%CI：3.2%，47.9%），对女性密切接触者的传播有效性为 38.9%（95%CI：3.3%，61.3%），对非家庭接触者的传播有效性为 45.8%（95%CI：22.1%，62.3%）。然而，加强针接种对易感性没有提供任何保护作用。总之，这项研究证实，灭活 COVID-19 疫苗的加强针接种分别提供了针对奥密克戎 BA.2 传播和传染性的低水平和中等水平的保护，但不提供针对奥密克戎 BA.2 易感性的保护。
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