The School of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China.
Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 May 31;12:1410707. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410707. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to explore the potential effects of 8-week parents-accompanied swimming on the physical capacity and intelligence of preschool children in China. Thirty-six boys (mean age 3.56 ± 0.27 years) were divided into three groups: the traditional physical exercise group (TP, = 12), the accompanied swimming group (AS, = 12) and the independent swimming group (IS, = 12). Participants' physical capacity was assessed before and after the intervention using the following indicators: height, weight, distance of tennis ball throw, standing long jump distance, time for the 10-meter shuttle run, time for a two-legged continuous jump, sit-and-reach distance, and time on the walking balance beam. Intelligence was assessed at three points: pre-test, mid-test after 4 weeks, and post-test. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni test ( < 0.05) and effect size. The time of the AS and IS groups to walk the balance beam was significantly lower than the TP group, with a difference of 1.81 s ( < 0.01, [95% CI -3.22 to -0.40], ES = 1.53) and 1.25 s ( < 0.05, [95% CI -2.66 to 0.16], ES = 0.81). At the mid-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were lower than the AS group ( < 0.05, [95% CI -12.45 to -0.96], ES = 0.89). Additionally, at post-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were significantly lower than those of both AS ( < 0.01, [95% CI -14.12 to -2.74], ES = 1.15) and IS groups ( < 0.01, [95% CI -12.53 to -3.31], ES = 1.21). Swimming enhances children's balance and IQ scores more than traditional physical exercises. Involving parents in swimming leads to a more significant increase in IQ scores within 4 weeks of initial swimming exercise.
本研究旨在探讨 8 周父母陪同游泳对中国学龄前儿童身体能力和智力的潜在影响。36 名男孩（平均年龄 3.56±0.27 岁）分为三组：传统体育锻炼组（TP，n=12）、陪同游泳组（AS，n=12）和独立游泳组（IS，n=12）。干预前后采用以下指标评估参与者的身体能力：身高、体重、网球投掷距离、立定跳远距离、10 米往返跑时间、双腿连续跳跃时间、坐前伸距离和走平衡木时间。智力在三个时间点进行评估：预测试、4 周后的中期测试和后测试。使用双因素重复测量方差分析、Bonferroni 检验（<0.05）和效应量对数据进行分析。AS 和 IS 组在平衡木上行走的时间明显低于 TP 组，差异为 1.81 秒（<0.01，[95%CI -3.22 至-0.40]，ES=1.53）和 1.25 秒（<0.05，[95%CI -2.66 至 0.16]，ES=0.81）。中期测试时，TP 组的智商分数低于 AS 组（<0.05，[95%CI -12.45 至-0.96]，ES=0.89）。此外，在后测时，TP 组的智商分数明显低于 AS（<0.01，[95%CI -14.12 至-2.74]，ES=1.15）和 IS 组（<0.01，[95%CI -12.53 至-3.31]，ES=1.21）。游泳比传统体育锻炼更能提高儿童的平衡和智商分数。在游泳初始的 4 周内，让父母参与游泳会导致智商分数显著增加。
