School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China.
Department of Sports and Recreation, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (THEi), Hong Kong.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 20;15(11):e0242369. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242369. eCollection 2020.
China General Administration of Sport has published and adopted the National Physical Fitness Measurement (NPFM-preschool children version) since 2000. However, studies on intraday reliability, sensitivity, and minimum detectable change (MDC) are lacking. This study aimed to investigate and compare the reliability, sensitivity, and MDC values of NPFM in preschool children between the ages of 3.5 to 6 years. Six items of NPFM including 10-m shuttle run, standing long jump, balance beam walking, sit-and-reach, tennis throwing, and double-leg timed hop, were tested for 209 Chinese kindergarten children in Beijing in the morning. Intraday relative reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) with a 95% confidence interval while absolute reliability was expressed in standard error of measurement (SEM) and percentage of coefficient of variation (CV%). Test sensitivity was assessed by comparing the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) with SEM, while MDC values with 95% confidence interval (MDC95) were established. Measurements in most groups, except 10-m shuttle run test (ICC3,1: 0.56 to 0.74 [moderate]) in the 3.5 to 5.5-year-old groups, balance beam test in 4- and 5-year-old (ICC3,1: 0.33 to 0.35 [poor]) and 5.5-year-old (ICC3,1 = 0.68 [moderate]) groups, and double-leg timed hop test (ICC3,1 = 0.67 [moderate]) in the 4.5-year-old group, demonstrated good to excellent relative reliability (ICC3,1: 0.77 to 0.97). The balance beam walking test showed poor absolute reliability in all the groups (SEM%: 11.76 to 22.28 and CV%: 15.40 to 24.78). Both standing long jump and sit-and-reach tests demonstrated good sensitivity (SWC > SEM) in all subjects group, boys, and girls. Pairwise comparison revealed systematic bias with significantly better performance in the second trial (p<0.01) of all the tests with moderate to large effect size.
中国国家体育总局自 2000 年起发布并采用了《国民体质测定标准（幼儿部分）》。然而，目前尚缺乏关于日内可靠性、敏感性和最小可检测变化（MDC）的研究。本研究旨在调查和比较 3.5 至 6 岁幼儿的 NPFM 的可靠性、敏感性和 MDC 值。该研究在北京的 209 名中国幼儿园儿童中测试了 NPFM 的 6 项内容，包括 10 米折返跑、立定跳远、平衡木行走、坐立体前屈、网球投掷和双腿连续跳。日内相对可靠性使用 95%置信区间的组内相关系数（ICC3,1）进行测试，而绝对可靠性则用测量标准误差（SEM）和变异系数（CV%）的百分比表示。通过比较最小有意义变化（SWC）与 SEM 来评估测试的敏感性，而 95%置信区间（MDC95）的 MDC 值则建立。除了 3.5 至 5.5 岁组的 10 米折返跑测试（ICC3,1：0.56 至 0.74[中等]）、4 岁和 5 岁组的平衡木测试（ICC3,1：0.33 至 0.35[较差]）和 5.5 岁组（ICC3,1 = 0.68[中等]）以及 4.5 岁组的双腿连续跳测试（ICC3,1 = 0.67[中等]）外，大多数组别的测量结果显示出良好到极好的相对可靠性（ICC3,1：0.77 至 0.97）。平衡木行走测试在所有组别中均显示出较差的绝对可靠性（SEM%：11.76 至 22.28 和 CV%：15.40 至 24.78）。所有组别、男孩和女孩的立定跳远和坐立体前屈测试都显示出良好的敏感性（SWC>SEM）。两两比较显示，所有测试均存在中度至较大效应量的系统偏差，第二次测试的表现明显更好（p<0.01）。
