School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jun 18;24(1):1627. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19134-0.
Stroke among younger age groups is increasing globally. While there is a focus on research conducted on people under 65 years who have had a stroke, there is a paucity of data on the incidence and risk factors of stroke among younger people (≤ 30 years). This scoping review examines evidence on incidence and risk factors for perinatal, paediatric and young adult stroke globally.
The review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review methodology. A systematic search was conducted on 23rd March 2022 across Medline Ovid, Embase, PsycINFO and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The eligibility criteria included all study designs providing information on the incidence and risk factors of stroke among young people (≤ 30 years) in the last ten years.
A total of 5750 articles were identified. After screening, 471 articles (224 cohort studies (47.6%), 164 case studies/case series (34.8%), 35 reviews (7.4%), 30 case-control (6.4%) and 18 combinations of designs (3.8%) were included. There was data from 50 different countries, 199 studies were from high-income countries, upper and middle income (n = 38), lower middle-income (n = 39), low-income (n = 3) countries, international study (n = 7) and a further 185 articles did not state the country of research. Most of the studies (63%) focused on risk factors while incidence constituted 37%. Incidence data were reported heterogeneously across studies, leading to an inability to synthesise data. The three most frequently reported risk factors for perinatal stroke were infections, cardiac conditions, and intrapartum factors. Vasculopathies, infection and cardiac conditions accounted for most reported risk factors for paediatric stroke, while chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, vasculopathies and cardiac conditions accounted for the most reported risk factors among young adults.
This review has highlighted different stroke risk factors for each age cohort of people under 30 years. The low number of epidemiological studies suggests that further research of this type is needed to fully understand the incidence and risk factors in young stroke. A standardised reporting of age groupings of incidence data is imperative to enable the comparison of data from different geographical locations.
全球年轻人群体中的中风发病率正在上升。虽然人们关注的是 65 岁以下发生中风的人群，但关于年轻人（≤30 岁）中风的发病率和风险因素的数据却很少。本范围综述检查了全球围产期、儿科和青年中风发病率和风险因素的证据。
本综述遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的范围综述方法。2022 年 3 月 23 日，在 Medline Ovid、Embase、PsycINFO 和 Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature（CINAHL）上进行了系统检索。纳入标准包括所有在过去十年中提供年轻人（≤30 岁）中风发病率和风险因素信息的研究设计。
共确定了 5750 篇文章。经过筛选，471 篇文章（224 项队列研究（47.6%）、164 项病例研究/病例系列（34.8%）、35 项综述（7.4%）、30 项病例对照研究（6.4%）和 18 项混合设计研究（3.8%））被纳入。这些数据来自 50 个不同的国家，199 项研究来自高收入国家、上中等收入国家（n=38）、中下等收入国家（n=39）、低收入国家（n=3）、国际研究（n=7），另有 185 篇文章未说明研究所在国家。大多数研究（63%）侧重于风险因素，而发病率占 37%。由于研究之间发病率数据的报告存在异质性，导致无法对数据进行综合。围产期中风最常报告的三个风险因素是感染、心脏疾病和分娩期间的因素。血管病变、感染和心脏疾病是儿科中风最常报告的风险因素，而糖尿病、血管病变和心脏疾病等慢性疾病是青年中风最常报告的风险因素。
本综述强调了每个 30 岁以下年龄组人群中风的不同风险因素。由于流行病学研究数量较少，因此需要进一步开展此类研究，以充分了解年轻人中风的发病率和风险因素。为了能够比较来自不同地理位置的数据，必须对发病率数据的年龄分组进行标准化报告。
