Liao Guangqin, Wang Tiancai, Li Xiabing, Gu Jingyi, Jia Qi, Wang Zishuang, Li Houru, Qian Yongzhong, Qiu Jing
Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Foods. 2024 May 23;13(11):1618. doi: 10.3390/foods13111618.
Goat milk is considered the optimal substitute for human milk and is characterized by variations in the lipid composition of its fat globules across lactation phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to thoroughly analyze the differences between goat milk during different lactations and human milk, aiming to offer scientific guidance for the production of functional dairy products. Compared with transitional and mature milk, the findings indicated that the total membrane protein content in goat colostrum exhibited greater similarity to that found in human milk. Additionally, goat milk exhibited higher milk fat globule size, as well as a higher total lipid and protein content than human milk. A total of 1461 lipid molecules across 61 subclasses were identified in goat milk and human milk. The contents of glycerides and glycerophospholipids were higher in goat colostrum, whereas sphingolipids and fatty acids were more abundant in human milk. Meanwhile, the compositions of lipid subclasses were inconsistent. There were 584 differentially expressed lipids identified between human and goat milk, including 47 subclasses that were primarily involved in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and triglycerides. In summary, for both the membrane protein and the lipid composition, there were differences between the milk of different goat lactations and human milk.
山羊奶被认为是母乳的最佳替代品，其特点是在不同泌乳阶段脂肪球的脂质组成存在差异。因此，本研究的目的是全面分析不同泌乳期的山羊奶与母乳之间的差异，旨在为功能性乳制品的生产提供科学指导。与过渡乳和成熟乳相比，研究结果表明，山羊初乳中的总膜蛋白含量与母乳中的更为相似。此外，山羊奶的乳脂肪球尺寸更大，总脂质和蛋白质含量也高于母乳。在山羊奶和母乳中总共鉴定出了61个亚类的1461种脂质分子。甘油酯和甘油磷脂的含量在山羊初乳中较高，而鞘脂和脂肪酸在母乳中更为丰富。同时，脂质亚类的组成并不一致。在人乳和山羊奶之间鉴定出584种差异表达的脂质，其中包括47个主要参与甘油磷脂、鞘脂和甘油三酯代谢的亚类。总之，无论是膜蛋白还是脂质组成，不同泌乳期的山羊奶与母乳之间都存在差异。
