Ambroselli Donatella, Masciulli Fabrizio, Romano Enrico, Guerrini Ruggero, Ingallina Cinzia, Spano Mattia, Mannina Luisa
Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMR Lab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Foods. 2024 May 24;13(11):1642. doi: 10.3390/foods13111642.
Officinal plants are a source of metabolites whose chemical composition depends on pedoclimatic conditions. In this study, the NMR-based approach was applied to investigate the impacts of different altitudes and agronomical practices (Land, Mountain Spontaneous, and Organically Grown Ecotypes, namely LSE, MSE, and OE, respectively) on the metabolite profiles of Burdock root, Dandelion root and aerial part, and Lemon balm aerial part. Sugars, amino acids, organic acids, polyphenols, fatty acids, and other metabolites were identified and quantified in all samples. Some metabolites turned out to be tissue-specific markers. Arginine was found in roots, whereas myo-inositol, galactose, glyceroyldigalactose moiety, pheophytin, and chlorophyll were identified in aerial parts. Caftaric and chicoric acids, 3,5 di-caffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids were detected in Dandelion, Burdock and Lemon balm, respectively. The metabolite amount changed significantly according to crop, tissue type, and ecotype. All ecotypes of Burdock had the highest contents of amino acids and the lowest contents of organic acids, whereas an opposite trend was observed in Lemon balm. Dandelion parts contained high levels of carbohydrates, except for the MSE aerial part, which showed the highest content of organic acids. The results provided insights into the chemistry of officinal plants, thus supporting nutraceutical-phytopharmaceutical research.
药用植物是代谢物的来源，其化学成分取决于土壤气候条件。在本研究中，基于核磁共振的方法被用于研究不同海拔和农艺实践（分别为陆地、山地自发和有机种植生态型，即LSE、MSE和OE）对牛蒡根、蒲公英根和地上部分以及柠檬香蜂草地上部分代谢物谱的影响。在所有样品中鉴定并定量了糖类、氨基酸、有机酸、多酚、脂肪酸和其他代谢物。一些代谢物被证明是组织特异性标志物。精氨酸在根中被发现，而肌醇、半乳糖、甘油二半乳糖部分、脱镁叶绿素和叶绿素在地上部分被鉴定出来。分别在蒲公英、牛蒡和柠檬香蜂草中检测到了咖啡酸和菊苣酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸以及绿原酸和迷迭香酸。代谢物含量根据作物、组织类型和生态型而有显著变化。所有牛蒡生态型的氨基酸含量最高，有机酸含量最低，而柠檬香蜂草则呈现相反的趋势。除了MSE地上部分显示出最高的有机酸含量外，蒲公英各部分的碳水化合物含量都很高。这些结果为药用植物的化学研究提供了见解，从而支持了营养保健品-植物药的研究。
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