Kupczyński Robert, Pacyga Katarzyna, Lewandowska Kamila, Bednarski Michał, Szumny Antoni
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 47 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jun 6;14(11):1706. doi: 10.3390/ani14111706.
Cow's milk and dairy products are the primary sources of OBCFAs, which have beneficial health properties. The goal of this study was to identify the factors that influence the content of OBCFAs in cow's milk and to indicate which OBCFAs can serve as biomarkers for fermentation processes. The content of OBCFAs in milk depends on the species of ruminants, with studies showing that this varies between 3.33% (in goat's milk) and 5.02% (in buffalo's milk). These differences also stem from the animals' energy balance, lactation phases, forage-to-concentrate ratio, and the presence of bioactive compounds in feeds, as well as management practices and environmental conditions. The OBCFAs in milk fat mainly come from rumen bacteria, but can also be synthesized de novo in the mammary gland, making them potentially useful noninvasive indicators of rumen fermentation. The concentration of BCFA is lower in colostrum and transitional milk than in full lactation milk. The proportions of total OBCFAs are higher in first- and second-parity cows. The most effective predictors of the biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen are likely C18:2 -9, -11, -C16:0, and -C13:0. OBCFAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for rumen function, because their synthesis depends on specific bacteria. Strong predictors of subclinical ruminal acidosis include -C14:0, -C13:0, and C15:0. The concentration of ∑ OBCFA >C16 in milk is associated with fat mobilization and serves as a significant marker of the energy balance in cows.
牛奶和乳制品是支链脂肪酸（OBCFAs）的主要来源，这些脂肪酸具有有益的健康特性。本研究的目的是确定影响牛奶中OBCFAs含量的因素，并指出哪些OBCFAs可作为发酵过程的生物标志物。牛奶中OBCFAs的含量取决于反刍动物的种类，研究表明，这一比例在3.33%（山羊奶）至5.02%（水牛奶）之间变化。这些差异还源于动物的能量平衡、泌乳阶段、粗精比、饲料中生物活性化合物的存在，以及管理实践和环境条件。乳脂肪中的OBCFAs主要来自瘤胃细菌，但也可以在乳腺中从头合成，这使它们有可能成为瘤胃发酵的有用非侵入性指标。初乳和过渡乳中支链脂肪酸（BCFA）浓度低于全泌乳期牛奶。头胎和二胎奶牛中总OBCFAs的比例较高。瘤胃中脂肪酸生物氢化的最有效预测指标可能是C18:2 -9、-11、-C16:0和-C13:0。OBCFAs已被确定为瘤胃功能的潜在生物标志物，因为它们的合成取决于特定细菌。亚临床瘤胃酸中毒的强预测指标包括-C14:0、-C13:0和C15:0。牛奶中∑ OBCFA >C16的浓度与脂肪动员有关，是奶牛能量平衡的重要标志。
