Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Clinica Medica, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 28;25(11):5856. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115856.
Trained immunity is a concept in immunology in which innate immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, exhibit enhanced responsiveness and memory-like characteristics following initial contact with a pathogenic stimulus that may promote a more effective immune defense following subsequent contact with the same pathogen. , a bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining, is etiologically associated with various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma, and extra gastric disorders. It has been demonstrated that repeated exposure to can induce trained immunity in the innate immune cells of the gastric mucosa, which become more responsive and better able to respond to subsequent infections. However, interactions between and trained immunity are intricate and produce both beneficial and detrimental effects. infection is characterized histologically as the presence of both an acute and chronic inflammatory response called acute-on-chronic inflammation, or gastritis. The clinical outcomes of ongoing inflammation include intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy, and dysplasia. These same mechanisms may also reduce immunotolerance and trigger autoimmune pathologies in the host. This review focuses on the relationship between trained immunity and and underscores the dynamic interplay between the immune system and the pathogen in the context of gastric colonization and inflammation.
训练免疫是免疫学中的一个概念，即先天免疫细胞（如单核细胞和巨噬细胞）在初次接触病原体刺激后表现出增强的反应性和记忆样特征，这有助于在随后接触相同病原体时产生更有效的免疫防御。幽门螺杆菌是一种定植于胃黏膜的细菌，与各种胃肠道疾病有关，包括胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃腺癌、MALT 淋巴瘤和胃外疾病。已经证明，反复接触可以诱导胃黏膜先天免疫细胞中的训练免疫，使它们对随后的感染更敏感，反应更好。然而，和训练免疫之间的相互作用很复杂，会产生有益和有害的影响。感染的组织学特征是存在急性和慢性炎症反应，称为慢性炎症急性发作，或胃炎。持续炎症的临床结果包括肠上皮化生、胃萎缩和发育不良。同样的机制也可能降低宿主的免疫耐受性并引发自身免疫性疾病。本文综述了训练免疫与和之间的关系，并强调了免疫系统和病原体在胃定植和炎症背景下的动态相互作用。
