The Industrial Hemp Program, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 28;25(11):5892. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115892.
Microbes and enzymes play essential roles in soil and plant rhizosphere ecosystem functioning. However, fungicides and plant root secretions may impact the diversity and abundance of microbiota structure and enzymatic activities in the plant rhizosphere. In this study, we analyzed soil samples from the rhizosphere of four cannabinoid-rich hemp () cultivars (Otto II, BaOx, Cherry Citrus, and Wife) subjected to three different treatments (natural infection, fungal inoculation, and fungicide treatment). DNA was extracted from the soil samples, 16S rDNA was sequenced, and data were analyzed for diversity and abundance among different fungicide treatments and hemp cultivars. Fungicide treatment significantly impacted the diversity and abundance of the hemp rhizosphere microbiota structure, and it substantially increased the abundance of the phyla Archaea and Rokubacteria. However, the abundances of the phyla Pseudomonadota and Gemmatimonadetes were substantially decreased in treatments with fungicides compared to those without fungicides in the four hemp cultivars. In addition, the diversity and abundance of the rhizosphere microbiota structure were influenced by hemp cultivars. The influence of Cherry Citrus on the diversity and abundance of the hemp rhizosphere microbiota structure was less compared to the other three hemp cultivars (Otto II, BaOx, and Wife). Moreover, fungicide treatment affected enzymatic activities in the hemp rhizosphere. The application of fungicides significantly decreased enzyme abundance in the rhizosphere of all four hemp cultivars. Enzymes such as dehydrogenase, dioxygenase, hydrolase, transferase, oxidase, carboxylase, and peptidase significantly decreased in all the four hemp rhizosphere treated with fungicides compared to those not treated. These enzymes may be involved in the function of metabolizing organic matter and degrading xenobiotics. The ecological significance of these findings lies in the recognition that fungicides impact enzymes, microbiota structure, and the overall ecosystem within the hemp rhizosphere.
微生物和酶在土壤和植物根际生态系统功能中起着至关重要的作用。然而，杀菌剂和植物根系分泌物可能会影响植物根际中微生物群落结构和酶活性的多样性和丰度。在这项研究中，我们分析了来自四种富含大麻素的大麻（）品种（Otto II、BaOx、Cherry Citrus 和 Wife）根际的土壤样本，这些样本分别接受了三种不同的处理（自然感染、真菌接种和杀菌剂处理）。从土壤样本中提取 DNA，对 16S rDNA 进行测序，并对不同杀菌剂处理和大麻品种之间的多样性和丰度进行了数据分析。杀菌剂处理显著影响了大麻根际微生物群落结构的多样性和丰度，并且显著增加了古菌和 Rokubacteria 门的丰度。然而，与未使用杀菌剂的处理相比，使用杀菌剂的处理中 Pseudomonadota 和 Gemmatimonadetes 门的丰度显著降低。此外，大麻品种也影响了根际微生物群落结构的多样性和丰度。与其他三个大麻品种（Otto II、BaOx 和 Wife）相比，Cherry Citrus 对大麻根际微生物群落结构的多样性和丰度的影响较小。此外，杀菌剂处理还影响了大麻根际的酶活性。所有四个大麻品种的根际中，杀菌剂的应用显著降低了酶的丰度。与未处理的根际相比，所有四个大麻根际中，脱氢酶、双加氧酶、水解酶、转移酶、氧化酶、羧化酶和肽酶等酶的丰度显著降低。这些酶可能参与了有机物质代谢和外来化合物降解的功能。这些发现的生态意义在于认识到杀菌剂会影响大麻根际中的酶、微生物群落结构和整个生态系统。
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