Lillo Adele, Antoncecchi Ettore, Antoncecchi Valeria, Zito Giovanni Battista
Outpatient Cardiology Ospedale "Fallacara" Triggiano, 70019 Triggiano (BA), Italy.
Poliambulatorio Medigea, 70026 Modugno (BA), Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 May 31;13(11):3253. doi: 10.3390/jcm13113253.
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in women, but few of them are aware of the CV risks (CVRs). Most women are not aware of all the CV risk factorsand their knowledge often still does not improve their lifestyle. The Carin Women is a survey conducted among Italian women by filling out a questionnaire in the waiting rooms of clinics. The aim was to determine the level of awareness of women's cardiovascular risk, knowledge of risk factors, and lifestyle. A total of 5590 questionnaires were completed in two different periods. Median age was 56 (IQR 46-65); BMI was 25 (IQR 22-29). Schooling, marital status, and rate of risk conditions were assessed; 311 women (5.57%) had already suffered a cardiovascular event. The relationship between the CV events and the number of traditional risk factors was significant. A similar curve, but without significant differences, was reported for non-traditional risk factors. From the total number of women, 23% with a high CVR and 62% with a very high CVR underestimated thei risk regardless of their level of education. Up to 43% of women underestimated female CV risk compared to male risk. Women showed a good knowledge of traditional risk factors, but only a few of them had a healthy lifestyle: 21.86% were smokers, only 45.88% performed sufficient physical activity, 27.55% did not recognize they were overweight, and only 30.4% consumed more than two daily portions of fruit and vegetables. Most women (86%) need more information about CVR. Italian women underestimate female CVRs and their own CVR.
心血管疾病是女性死亡的主要原因，但很少有女性意识到心血管风险。大多数女性并不了解所有的心血管危险因素，而且她们的认知往往仍未改善其生活方式。“关爱女性”调查是在意大利女性中进行的，通过在诊所候诊室填写问卷来开展。目的是确定女性对心血管风险的认知水平、危险因素知识以及生活方式。在两个不同时期共完成了5590份问卷。中位年龄为56岁（四分位间距46 - 65岁）；体重指数为25（四分位间距22 - 29）。评估了受教育程度、婚姻状况和风险状况发生率；311名女性（5.57%）已经发生过心血管事件。心血管事件与传统危险因素数量之间的关系显著。非传统危险因素也呈现出类似曲线，但无显著差异。在所有女性中，23%心血管风险高和62%心血管风险非常高的女性无论其教育程度如何都低估了自身风险。高达43%的女性低估了女性心血管风险与男性风险的差异。女性对传统危险因素有较好的认知，但只有少数人拥有健康的生活方式：21.86%的人吸烟，只有45.88%的人进行了足够的体育活动，27.55%的人未意识到自己超重，只有30.4%的人每天食用超过两份水果和蔬菜。大多数女性（86%）需要更多关于心血管风险的信息。意大利女性低估了女性心血管风险以及她们自身的心血管风险。
