El Hussein Siba, Wang Wei
Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Jun 1;16(11):2118. doi: 10.3390/cancers16112118.
In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the diverse immunophenotypic presentations of distinct entities associated with plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) proliferation. These entities include the following: (1) blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN); (2) mature pDC proliferation (MPDCP), most commonly seen in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML); and (3) myeloid neoplasms with pDC differentiation, in which pDCs show a spectrum of maturation from early immature pDCs to mature forms, most commonly seen in acute myeloid leukemia (pDC-AML). Our aim is to provide a flow cytometry diagnostic approach to these distinct and sometimes challenging entities and to clarify the immunophenotypic spectrum of neoplastic pDCs in different disease presentations. In this review, we also cover the strategies in the evaluation of residual disease, as well as the challenges and pitfalls we face in the setting of immune and targeted therapy. The differential diagnosis will also be discussed, as blasts in some AML cases can have a pDC-like immunophenotype, mimicking pDCs.
在本综述中，我们旨在总结与浆细胞样树突状细胞（pDC）增殖相关的不同实体的多种免疫表型表现。这些实体包括：（1）母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞瘤（BPDCN）；（2）成熟pDC增殖（MPDCP），最常见于慢性粒单核细胞白血病（CMML）；（3）具有pDC分化的髓系肿瘤，其中pDC表现出从早期未成熟pDC到成熟形式的一系列成熟阶段，最常见于急性髓系白血病（pDC-AML）。我们的目的是为这些不同且有时具有挑战性的实体提供一种流式细胞术诊断方法，并阐明不同疾病表现中肿瘤性pDC的免疫表型谱。在本综述中，我们还将涵盖残留病评估策略，以及我们在免疫治疗和靶向治疗背景下面临的挑战和陷阱。还将讨论鉴别诊断，因为一些急性髓系白血病病例中的原始细胞可具有类似pDC的免疫表型，从而模仿pDC。
