National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov Blvd. 26, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Molecules. 2024 Jun 2;29(11):2614. doi: 10.3390/molecules29112614.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), characterized by progressive degeneration and death of neurons, are strongly related to aging, and the number of people with NDs will continue to rise. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs, and the current treatments offer no cure. A growing body of research shows that AD and especially PD are intricately related to intestinal health and the gut microbiome and that both diseases can spread retrogradely from the gut to the brain. Zeolites are a large family of minerals built by [SiO] and [AlO] tetrahedrons joined by shared oxygen atoms and forming a three-dimensional microporous structure holding water molecules and ions. The most widespread and used zeolite is clinoptilolite, and additionally, mechanically activated clinoptilolites offer further improved beneficial effects. The current review describes and discusses the numerous positive effects of clinoptilolite and its forms on gut health and the gut microbiome, as well as their detoxifying, antioxidative, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, relevant to the treatment of NDs and especially AD and PD. The direct effects of clinoptilolite and its activated forms on AD pathology in vitro and in vivo are also reviewed, as well as the use of zeolites as biosensors and delivery systems related to PD.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）以神经元的进行性退化和死亡为特征，与衰老密切相关，并且患有 NDs 的人数将继续增加。阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）是最常见的 NDs，目前的治疗方法无法治愈。越来越多的研究表明，AD 尤其是 PD 与肠道健康和肠道微生物群密切相关，这两种疾病都可以从肠道逆行传播到大脑。沸石是由[SiO]和[AlO]四面体通过共用氧原子连接而成的一大类矿物质，形成了一种具有水分子和离子的三维微孔结构。最广泛使用的沸石是斜发沸石，此外，机械活化的斜发沸石具有进一步改善的有益效果。目前的综述描述并讨论了斜发沸石及其形式对肠道健康和肠道微生物群的众多积极影响，以及它们的解毒、抗氧化、免疫刺激和抗炎作用，这与 NDs 的治疗尤其是 AD 和 PD 相关。还综述了斜发沸石及其活化形式对 AD 病理的体外和体内的直接作用，以及沸石作为与 PD 相关的生物传感器和输送系统的用途。
