Ekielski Adam, Żelaziński Tomasz, Kulig Ryszard, Kupczyk Adam
Department of Production Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Food Engineering and Machines, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jun 2;17(11):2681. doi: 10.3390/ma17112681.
This paper presents research results on biocomposites made from a combination of extruded apple pomace (EAP) and potato starch (SP). The aim of this work was to investigate the basic properties of biocomposites obtained from extruded apple pomace reinforced with potato starch. The products were manufactured by hot pressing using a hydraulic press with a mould for producing samples. The prepared biocomposites were subjected to strength tests, surface wettability was determined, and a colour analysis was carried out. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cross-sectioning observed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were also performed. The obtained test results showed that the combination of apple pomace (EAP) and starch (SP) enabled the production of compact biocomposite materials. At the same time, it was found that each increase in the share of starch in the mixture for producing biocomposites increased the strength parameters of the obtained materials. With the highest share of starch in the mixture, 40%, and a raw material moisture content of 14%, the material had the best strength parameters and was even characterised by hydrophobic properties. It was also found that materials with a high content of starch are characterised by increased temperature resistance. The analysis of SEM microscopic photos showed well-glued particles of apple pomace, pectin, and gelatinised starch and a smooth external structure of the samples. Research and analyses have shown that apple pomace reinforced only with the addition of starch can be a promising raw material for the production of simple, biodegradable biocomposite materials.
本文介绍了由挤压苹果渣（EAP）和马铃薯淀粉（SP）制成的生物复合材料的研究成果。这项工作的目的是研究用马铃薯淀粉增强的挤压苹果渣制成的生物复合材料的基本性能。这些产品是通过使用带有模具的液压机进行热压来制造样品的。对制备的生物复合材料进行了强度测试，测定了表面润湿性，并进行了颜色分析。还进行了热重分析（TGA）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）以及在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察横截面。获得的测试结果表明，苹果渣（EAP）和淀粉（SP）的组合能够生产出致密的生物复合材料。同时，发现用于生产生物复合材料的混合物中淀粉比例的每一次增加都会提高所得材料的强度参数。当混合物中淀粉比例最高为40%且原料水分含量为14%时，该材料具有最佳的强度参数，甚至具有疏水性。还发现淀粉含量高的材料具有更高的耐热性。SEM微观照片分析显示苹果渣、果胶和糊化淀粉的颗粒粘结良好，样品外部结构光滑。研究和分析表明，仅添加淀粉增强的苹果渣可以成为生产简单、可生物降解生物复合材料的有前途的原料。
