Duarte Hugo, Aliaño-González María José, Romano Anabela, Medronho Bruno
MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cadiz, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 May 21;24(11):3284. doi: 10.3390/s24113284.
The exponential increase in the production and transportation of petroleum-derived products observed in recent years has been driven by the escalating demand for energy, textiles, plastic-based materials, and other goods derived from petroleum. Consequently, there has been a corresponding rise in spills of these petroleum derivatives, particularly in water sources utilized for transportation or, occasionally, illegally utilized for tank cleaning or industrial equipment maintenance. Numerous researchers have proposed highly effective techniques for detecting these products, aiming to facilitate their cleanup or containment and thereby minimize environmental pollution. However, many of these techniques rely on the identification of individual compounds, which presents significant drawbacks, including complexity of handling, subjectivity, lengthy analysis times, infeasibility for in situ analysis, and high costs. In response, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of sensors or generalized profiling techniques serving as sensors to generate characteristic fingerprints of these products, thereby circumventing the aforementioned disadvantages. This review comprehensively examines the evolution of techniques employed for detecting petroleum-derived products in water samples, along with their associated advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the review examines current perspectives on methods for the removal and/or containment of these products from water sources, to minimize their environmental impact and the associated health repercussions on living organisms and ecosystems.
近年来，石油衍生产品的生产和运输呈指数级增长，这是由对能源、纺织品、塑料基材料以及其他石油衍生商品不断增长的需求所驱动的。因此，这些石油衍生物的泄漏事件相应增加，特别是在用于运输的水源中，或者偶尔在非法用于罐体清洗或工业设备维护的水源中。众多研究人员提出了检测这些产品的高效技术，旨在便于对其进行清理或围堵，从而最大限度地减少环境污染。然而，许多这些技术依赖于对单个化合物的识别，这存在重大缺陷，包括操作复杂、主观性强、分析时间长、现场分析不可行以及成本高昂。作为回应，作为传感器的传感器或通用分析技术的使用显著增加，以生成这些产品的特征指纹，从而规避上述缺点。本综述全面考察了用于检测水样中石油衍生产品的技术的演变，以及它们的相关优缺点。此外，该综述还考察了当前关于从水源中去除和/或围堵这些产品的方法的观点，以尽量减少其对环境的影响以及对生物体和生态系统的相关健康影响。
