Mumuni Atoko Adiza, Naab Florence, Adjei Charles Ampong, Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2024 Jun 18;10:23779608241262900. doi: 10.1177/23779608241262900. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B infection is one of the major routes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa. Amusingly, Africa is the only region yet to meet the World Health Organization's target of reducing the prevalence of HBV infection to less than 1% among children under 5 years of age by 2020. In Ghana, little has been documented about midwives' views on the factors impacting the successful implementation of mother-to-child transmission via HBV prevention programs.
This study explored midwives' views on the challenges associated with the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection in the La-Nkwantanang municipality.
The study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative design and involved 14 midwives who were purposively recruited from a primary-level health facility in the La-Nkwantanang Municipality, Accra. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted using an in-depth interview guide. The data were content analyzed using the six steps recommended by Braun and Clark.
Three main themes, namely, health professional or midwife factors and patient and health facility factors, negatively impacted the prevention of maternal-to-child transmission program. The five subthemes identified in this study included lack of awareness, financial constraints, and unavailability of logistics and protocols. The study recognized that midwives face many challenges even though they have a strong desire to prevent vertical transmission of HBV.
The implementation of a mother-to-child transmission program is negatively impacted by many intrinsic, client, and health facility factors. Midwives who act as major stakeholders need to be periodically trained on the components and protocols for managing pregnant women living with HBV. The necessary logistics and management protocols need to be urgently provided. The skills and education obtained from the training will empower midwives to be knowledgeable about how to deliver quality care and provide education and support for HBV-infected pregnant women. The provision of logistics needed for the successful implementation of the program could avert delays associated with the administration of the hepatitis B birth dose vaccine and immunoglobulin to exposed newborns.
乙肝感染的母婴传播是非洲乙肝病毒（HBV）感染的主要途径之一。有趣的是，非洲是唯一一个尚未实现世界卫生组织到2020年将5岁以下儿童乙肝感染率降至1%以下这一目标的地区。在加纳，关于助产士对影响乙肝母婴传播预防项目成功实施因素的看法，鲜有文献记载。
本研究探讨了拉恩夸坦南市政区助产士对乙肝母婴传播预防相关挑战的看法。
本研究采用探索性描述性定性设计，涉及从阿克拉拉恩夸坦南市政区的一家基层医疗机构中有意招募的14名助产士。使用深入访谈指南进行个人面对面访谈。采用布劳恩和克拉克推荐的六个步骤对数据进行内容分析。
三个主要主题，即卫生专业人员或助产士因素以及患者和医疗机构因素，对母婴传播预防项目产生了负面影响。本研究确定的五个子主题包括缺乏认识、资金限制以及物资和方案不可用。研究认识到，尽管助产士强烈希望预防乙肝病毒的垂直传播，但他们面临许多挑战。
母婴传播项目的实施受到许多内在、客户和医疗机构因素的负面影响。作为主要利益相关者的助产士需要定期接受关于管理乙肝感染孕妇的组成部分和方案的培训。急需提供必要的物资和管理方案。通过培训获得的技能和知识将使助产士有能力了解如何提供优质护理，并为乙肝感染孕妇提供教育和支持。提供项目成功实施所需的物资可以避免与给暴露的新生儿接种乙肝疫苗首剂和免疫球蛋白相关的延误。
