Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry,Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.
Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.
Elife. 2024 Jun 18;13:RP95898. doi: 10.7554/eLife.95898.
ASARs are a family of very-long noncoding RNAs that control replication timing on individual human autosomes, and are essential for chromosome stability. The eight known ASAR lncRNAs remain closely associated with their parent chromosomes. Analysis of RNA-protein interaction data (from ENCODE) revealed numerous RBPs with significant interactions with multiple ASAR lncRNAs, with several hnRNPs as abundant interactors. An ~7 kb domain within the lncRNA shows a striking density of RBP interaction sites. Genetic deletion and ectopic integration assays indicate that this ~7 kb RNA binding protein domain contains functional sequences for controlling replication timing of entire chromosomes in cis. shRNA-mediated depletion of 10 different RNA binding proteins, including HNRNPA1, HNRNPC, HNRNPL, HNRNPM, HNRNPU, or HNRNPUL1, results in dissociation of ASAR lncRNAs from their chromosome territories, and disrupts the synchronous replication that occurs on all autosome pairs, recapitulating the effect of individual ASAR knockouts on a genome-wide scale. Our results further demonstrate the role that ASARs play during the temporal order of genome-wide replication, and we propose that ASARs function as essential RNA scaffolds for the assembly of hnRNP complexes that help maintain the structural integrity of each mammalian chromosome.
ASARs 是一类非常长的非编码 RNA,它们控制个体人类常染色体的复制时间,是染色体稳定性所必需的。已知的 8 个 ASAR lncRNAs 仍然与其亲本染色体密切相关。对 RNA-蛋白质相互作用数据(来自 ENCODE)的分析揭示了许多与多个 ASAR lncRNAs 有显著相互作用的 RBPs,其中几个 hnRNPs 是丰富的相互作用因子。lncRNA 内的一个约 7kb 区域显示出 RBP 相互作用位点的惊人密度。遗传缺失和异位整合测定表明,这个约 7kb 的 RNA 结合蛋白结构域包含了控制整个染色体在顺式复制时间的功能序列。shRNA 介导的 10 种不同 RNA 结合蛋白(包括 HNRNPA1、HNRNPC、HNRNPL、HNRNPM、HNRNPU 或 HNRNPUL1)的耗竭导致 ASAR lncRNAs 与其染色体领地的分离,并破坏了所有常染色体对同步复制,从而在全基因组范围内再现了单个 ASAR 敲除对基因组的影响。我们的结果进一步证明了 ASARs 在全基因组复制的时间顺序中所起的作用,我们提出 ASARs 作为 hnRNP 复合物组装的必需 RNA 支架,有助于维持每个哺乳动物染色体的结构完整性。