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柔性纳米平台通过同时增强光敏剂渗透和缓解细菌生物膜中的缺氧来促进抗菌光疗。

Flexible nanoplatform facilitates antibacterial phototherapy by simultaneously enhancing photosensitizer permeation and relieving hypoxia in bacterial biofilms.

机构信息

Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

出版信息

Acta Biomater. 2024 Aug;184:313-322. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.018. Epub 2024 Jun 17.


DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.018
PMID:38897337
Abstract

Antimicrobial phototherapy has gained recognition as a promising approach for addressing bacterial biofilms, however, its effectiveness is often impeded by the robust physical and chemical defenses of the biofilms. Traditional antibacterial nanoplatforms face challenges in breaching the extracellular polymeric substances barrier to efficiently deliver photosensitizers deep into biofilms. Moreover, the prevalent hypoxia within biofilms restricts the success of oxygen-reliant phototherapy. In this study, we engineered a soft mesoporous organosilica nanoplatform (SMONs) by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG), catalase (CAT), and indocyanine green (ICG), forming SMONs-PEG-CAT-ICG (SPCI). We compared the antimicrobial efficacy of SPCI with more rigid nanoplatforms. Our results demonstrated that unique flexible mechanical properties of SPCI enable it to navigate through biofilm barriers, markedly enhancing ICG penetration in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms. Notably, in a murine subcutaneous MRSA biofilm infection model, SPCI showed superior biofilm penetration and pharmacokinetic benefits over its rigid counterparts. The embedded catalase in SPCI effectively converts excess HO present in infected tissues into O, alleviating hypoxia and significantly boosting the antibacterial performance of phototherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that SPCI surpasses traditional rigid nanoplatforms in overcoming biofilm barriers, offering improved treatment outcomes for infections associated with bacterial biofilms. This study presents a viable strategy for managing bacterial biofilm-induced diseases by leveraging the unique attributes of a soft mesoporous organosilica-based nanoplatform. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research introduces an innovative antimicrobial phototherapy soft nanoplatform that overcomes the inherent limitations posed by the protective barriers of bacterial biofilms. By soft nanoplatform with flexible mechanical properties, we enhance the penetration and delivery of photosensitizers into biofilms. The inclusion of catalase within this soft nanoplatform addresses the hypoxia in biofilms by converting hydrogen peroxide into oxygen in infected tissues, thereby amplifying the antibacterial effectiveness of phototherapy. Compared to traditional rigid nanoplatforms, this flexible nanoplatform not only promotes the delivery of therapeutic agents but also sets a new direction for treating bacterial biofilm infections, offering significant implications for future antimicrobial therapies.

摘要

抗菌光疗已被认为是一种有前途的方法,可以解决细菌生物膜问题,然而,其效果常常受到生物膜强大的物理和化学防御的阻碍。传统的抗菌纳米平台在突破细胞外聚合物障碍以有效地将光敏剂递送到生物膜深处方面面临挑战。此外,生物膜内普遍存在的缺氧限制了依赖氧气的光疗的成功。在本研究中,我们通过将聚乙二醇(PEG)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和吲哚菁绿(ICG)结合到一起,设计了一种软介孔有机硅纳米平台(SMONs),形成了 SMONs-PEG-CAT-ICG(SPCI)。我们将 SPCI 的抗菌功效与更刚性的纳米平台进行了比较。我们的结果表明,SPCI 独特的柔性机械性能使其能够穿越生物膜障碍,显著提高甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)生物膜中 ICG 的穿透性。值得注意的是,在小鼠皮下 MRSA 生物膜感染模型中,SPCI 在生物膜穿透和药代动力学方面优于其刚性对应物。SPCI 中嵌入的过氧化氢酶有效地将感染组织中过量的 HO 转化为 O2,缓解了缺氧,并显著提高了光疗的抗菌性能。体外和体内实验均证实,SPCI 克服生物膜障碍的能力优于传统刚性纳米平台,为治疗与细菌生物膜相关的感染提供了更好的治疗效果。本研究通过利用软介孔有机硅纳米平台的独特属性,为管理由细菌生物膜引起的疾病提供了一种可行的策略。

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