Qi Cheng, Chen Jiayi, Qu Yijie, Luo Xuanxuan, Wang Weiqi, Zheng Xiaohua
The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China.
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Dec 22;16(12):1625. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16121625.
Porphyrin's excellent biocompatibility and modifiability make it a widely studied photoactive material. However, its large π-bond conjugated structure leads to aggregation and precipitation in physiological solutions, limiting the biomedical applications of porphyrin-based photoactive materials. It has been demonstrated through research that fabricating porphyrin molecules into nanoscale covalent organic frameworks (COFs) structures can circumvent issues such as poor dispersibility resulting from hydrophobicity, thereby significantly augmenting the photoactivity of porphyrin materials. Porphyrin-based COF materials can exert combined photodynamic and photothermal effects, circumventing the limitations of photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to hypoxia and issues in photothermal therapy (PTT) from heat shock proteins or the adverse impact of excessive heat on the protein activity of normal tissue. Furthermore, the porous structure of porphyrin COFs facilitates the circulation of oxygen molecules and reactive oxygen species and promotes sufficient contact with the lesion site for therapeutic functions. This review covers recent progress regarding porphyrin-based COFs in treating malignant tumors and venous thrombosis and for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory uses via combined PDT and PTT. By summarizing relevant design strategies, ranging from molecular design to functional application, this review provides a reference basis for the enhanced phototherapy application of porphyrin-based COFs as photoactive materials. This review aims to offer valuable insights for more effective biomedical applications of porphyrin-based COFs through the synthesis of existing experimental data, thereby paving the way for their future preclinical utilization.
卟啉优异的生物相容性和可修饰性使其成为一种被广泛研究的光活性材料。然而，其较大的π键共轭结构导致在生理溶液中发生聚集和沉淀，限制了基于卟啉的光活性材料的生物医学应用。研究表明，将卟啉分子制备成纳米级共价有机框架（COF）结构可以规避因疏水性导致的分散性差等问题，从而显著增强卟啉材料的光活性。基于卟啉的COF材料可发挥光动力和光热联合效应，克服光动力疗法（PDT）因缺氧带来的局限性以及光热疗法（PTT）中热休克蛋白相关问题或过热对正常组织蛋白质活性的不利影响。此外，卟啉COF的多孔结构有利于氧分子和活性氧的循环，并促进与病变部位充分接触以实现治疗功能。本文综述了基于卟啉的COF在通过光动力和光热联合疗法治疗恶性肿瘤、静脉血栓形成以及抗菌和抗炎方面的最新进展。通过总结从分子设计到功能应用的相关设计策略，本文为增强基于卟啉的COF作为光活性材料的光疗应用提供了参考依据。本文旨在通过综合现有实验数据，为基于卟啉的COF更有效的生物医学应用提供有价值的见解，从而为其未来的临床前应用铺平道路。
