Yang Ru-Yi, Dong Yan-Hong, Xiao Xin, Xu Yan-Li, Kuan Shuai, Song Wen-Jing, Dong Jian-Xin, Zheng Xue-Bo
Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Jun 8;45(6):3533-3542. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202306240.
The form of soil nitrogen input significantly affects soil CO emission. As a new form of nitrogen input, biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen not only reduces the input of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in farmland but also reduces the cost of environmental treatment. It is of great significance to promote the zero growth of national chemical fertilizer, the prevention and control of farmland non-point source pollution, and the realization of the national goal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization." Through an indoor culture experiment, the effects of different nitrogen input forms on soil carbon emission, enzyme activity, and microbial community were studied through four treatments:no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CF), biochar combined application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (BF), and biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen (BN). The results showed that compared with that in CF, BF significantly increased cumulative carbon emissions (66.24 %), whereas BN had no significant difference. It is worth noting that the cumulative carbon emissions were significantly reduced by 35.28 % compared with that in BF and BN. Compared with those in CF and BF, the activities of -glucosidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase treated with BN significantly increased by 20.25 % and 5.20 %, respectively. Compared with that in CF, the BF treatment increased microbial community richness and community diversity, whereas the BN treatment decreased microbial community richness. Compared with that in BF, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased by 11.16 %, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota increased by 8.12 % and 5.83 %, respectively, in which xylosidase activity was the most important soil factor affecting microbial community structure. The relative abundance of Chloroflexi was significantly correlated with cellobiose hydrolase activity, and the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was significantly correlated with -glucosidase activity. There was a very significant correlation between the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and cumulative carbon emissions. To summarize, compared with those under biochar combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer, biochar loaded with ammonia nitrogen significantly reduced cumulative carbon emissions, and its emission reduction effect was better. The results of this study will be beneficial to the landing of the national "double carbon strategy," the healthy development of the biological natural gas industry, the construction of the national green cultivation circular agriculture system, and the realization of the national zero growth strategy of chemical fertilizer.
土壤氮素输入形式显著影响土壤CO排放。作为一种新型氮素输入形式，载氨生物炭不仅减少了农田化学氮肥投入，还降低了环境治理成本。对推动国家化肥零增长、防控农田面源污染以及实现国家“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标具有重要意义。通过室内培养试验，设置不施肥（CK）、单施化学氮肥（CF）、生物炭与化学氮肥配施（BF）、载氨生物炭（BN）4种处理，研究不同氮素输入形式对土壤碳排放、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明，与CF相比，BF显著增加了累积碳排放量（66.24%），而BN无显著差异。值得注意的是，与BF和BN相比，累积碳排放量显著降低了35.28%。与CF和BF相比，BN处理的β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别显著提高了20.25%和5.20%。与CF相比，BF处理增加了微生物群落丰富度和群落多样性，而BN处理降低了微生物群落丰富度。与BF相比，BN处理中变形菌门相对丰度下降了11.16%，放线菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度分别增加了8.12%和5.83%，其中木糖苷酶活性是影响微生物群落结构的最重要土壤因子。绿弯菌门相对丰度与纤维二糖水解酶活性显著相关，芽单胞菌门相对丰度与β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著相关。变形菌门相对丰度与累积碳排放量之间存在极显著相关性。综上所述，与生物炭与化学氮肥配施相比，载氨生物炭显著降低了累积碳排放量，且减排效果更佳。本研究结果将有利于国家“双碳战略”落地、生物天然气产业健康发展、国家绿色种植循环农业体系构建以及国家化肥零增长战略的实现。
