Adenekan Adetunji Olusesan, Alabi Adegboyega Sunday, Ilo Olubanke Theodora, Anikwenwa Judith Ogechi, Adisa Omolola Olayemi, Akinsola Folasade Bolanle
Guinness Eye Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2023 May 11;64(2):293-301. eCollection 2023 Mar-Apr.
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is the first and the most common group of haemoglobinopathies in the world. It affects virtually all body systems including the eyes. Proliferative Sickle cell Retinopathy (PSR) is a cause of visual loss in the working age group which has an impact on the economy and quality of life. This study aimed to describe the pattern of presentation of Sickle Cell Retinopathy (SCR)to improve understanding of the disease presentation.
The ophthalmic surgical records of patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease at the retinal unit, department of Ophthalmology at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between the year 2011-2020 were reviewed retrospectively.
A total of 64 patients (108 eyes) records were reviewed in this study. The Prevalenceof sickle cell retinopathy was 5.4% of all retina cases within the study period. Age ranged from 10-70 years; the mean age was 36.28 years ± 13.66. There were 25 females and 39 males (F:M= 1:1.6). SCR was most common in patients with HbSC 40 (62.5%). Common presenting symptoms were loss of vision34 (53.1%) and floaters 34 (53.1%). Goldberg stage III 26 (20.3%) and stage IV 27 (21.1%) were the most common stages of proliferative disease at presentation. A significant association was seen between Haemoglobin genotype SC and the occurrence of sickle cell retinopathy with 90% of the patients with Haemoglobin genotype SC having had PSR. The majority of the patients25 (39.1%) had no treatment, and 13 (20.3%) had laser photocoagulation only.
Sickle cell retinopathy is not uncommon in Nigeria and many patients only present in tertiary health facilities when they have severe symptoms such as loss of vision. This may be attributed to the late diagnosis and referral. Routine screening is recommended to ensure early detection and treatment to prevent avoidable blindness.
镰状细胞病（SCD）是世界上首个也是最常见的一组血红蛋白病。它几乎影响包括眼睛在内的所有身体系统。增殖性镰状细胞视网膜病变（PSR）是导致工作年龄组视力丧失的一个原因，对经济和生活质量都有影响。本研究旨在描述镰状细胞视网膜病变（SCR）的表现模式，以增进对该疾病表现的理解。
回顾性分析2011年至2020年期间在拉各斯大学教学医院眼科视网膜科被诊断为镰状细胞病的患者的眼科手术记录。
本研究共回顾了64例患者（108只眼）的记录。在研究期间，镰状细胞视网膜病变的患病率占所有视网膜病例的5.4%。年龄范围为10至70岁；平均年龄为36.28岁±13.66。有25名女性和39名男性（女：男 = 1：1.6）。SCR在HbSC患者中最为常见，有40例（62.5%）。常见的症状表现为视力丧失34例（53.1%）和飞蚊症34例（53.1%）。戈德堡III期26例（20.3%）和IV期27例（21.1%）是增殖性疾病最常见的表现阶段。血红蛋白基因型SC与镰状细胞视网膜病变的发生之间存在显著关联，90%的血红蛋白基因型SC患者患有PSR。大多数患者25例（39.1%）未接受治疗，13例（20.3%）仅接受了激光光凝治疗。
镰状细胞视网膜病变在尼日利亚并不罕见，许多患者只有在出现视力丧失等严重症状时才会前往三级医疗机构就诊。这可能归因于诊断和转诊延迟。建议进行常规筛查，以确保早期发现和治疗，预防可避免的失明。
