Valaparla Vijaya Lakshmi, Rane Schweta P, Patel Chilvana, Li Xiangping
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.
Front Neurol. 2024 Jun 5;15:1396642. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1396642. eCollection 2024.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity. A wide variety of infectious and non-infectious triggers have been identified to be associated with GBS. COVID-19 has gained attention in recent years for its role in GBS pathogenesis. Our study aims to review the literature on GBS and its epidemiological and pathophysiological association with COVID-19.
Recent literature on GBS associated with COVID-19 infections, such as case reports, case series, systematic reviews, and large-scale epidemiological studies, were reviewed. We also reviewed studies that included vaccines against COVID-19 in association with GBS. Studies that focused on understanding the pathobiology of GBS and its association with infectious agents including COVID-19 were reviewed.
Despite a lack of consensus, GBS is strongly associated with COVID-19 infection. The exact pathophysiological mechanism regarding COVID-19 as a causative agent of GBS is unknown. Mechanisms, such as the proinflammatory state, triggering of autoimmunity, and direct viral invasion, are postulated and remain to be investigated. Adenovirus vector vaccines are most likely associated with GBS, and the consensual reports clearly suggest mRNA vaccines are associated with low risk and may be protective against GBS by reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection.
吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）是一种与高发病率相关的自身免疫性疾病。已确定多种感染性和非感染性触发因素与GBS有关。近年来，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）因其在GBS发病机制中的作用而受到关注。我们的研究旨在回顾关于GBS及其与COVID-19的流行病学和病理生理学关联的文献。
回顾了近期关于与COVID-19感染相关的GBS的文献，如病例报告、病例系列、系统评价和大规模流行病学研究。我们还回顾了包括COVID-19疫苗与GBS关联的研究。对专注于理解GBS的病理生物学及其与包括COVID-19在内的感染因子关联的研究进行了回顾。
尽管缺乏共识，但GBS与COVID-19感染密切相关。关于COVID-19作为GBS病原体的确切病理生理机制尚不清楚。诸如促炎状态、自身免疫触发和病毒直接侵袭等机制被提出，仍有待研究。腺病毒载体疫苗最有可能与GBS相关，一致的报告明确表明mRNA疫苗与低风险相关，并且可能通过降低COVID-19感染风险而对GBS具有保护作用。
