Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France.
Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
Environ Microbiol. 2024 Jun;26(6):e16668. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.16668.
The thioredoxin (Trx) system, found universally, is responsible for the regeneration of reversibly oxidized protein thiols in living cells. This system is made up of a Trx and a Trx reductase, and it plays a central role in maintaining thiol-based redox homeostasis by reducing oxidized protein thiols, such as disulfide bonds in proteins. Some Trxs also possess a chaperone function that is independent of thiol-disulfide exchange, in addition to their thiol-disulfide reductase activity. These two activities of the Trx system are involved in numerous physiological processes in bacteria. This review describes the diverse physiological roles of the Trx system that have emerged throughout bacterial evolution. The Trx system is essential for responding to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Beyond this primary function, the Trx system also participates in redox regulation and signal transduction, and in controlling metabolism, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. This range of functions has evolved alongside the diversity of bacterial lifestyles and their specific constraints. This evolution can be characterized by the multiplication of the systems and by the specialization of cofactors or targets to adapt to the constraints of atypical lifestyles, such as photosynthesis, insect endosymbiosis, or spore-forming bacteria.
硫氧还蛋白（Trx）系统普遍存在于生物体内，负责还原细胞内可被氧化的蛋白质巯基。该系统由硫氧还蛋白和硫氧还蛋白还原酶组成，通过还原蛋白质巯基（如二硫键），在维持基于巯基的氧化还原稳态方面发挥核心作用。某些 Trx 还具有独立于巯基-二硫键交换的伴侣功能，以及其巯基-二硫键还原酶活性。该 Trx 系统的这两种活性参与了细菌中的许多生理过程。本综述描述了 Trx 系统在细菌进化过程中出现的多样化生理作用。Trx 系统对于应对氧化和硝化应激至关重要。除了这个主要功能外，Trx 系统还参与氧化还原调节和信号转导，以及控制代谢、运动性、生物膜形成和毒力。这些功能的范围是随着细菌生活方式的多样性及其特定限制而进化的。这种进化的特点是系统的增殖以及辅助因子或靶标的专业化，以适应非典型生活方式的限制，如光合作用、昆虫共生或产芽孢细菌。
