Burman L A, Norrby R, Trollfors B
Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;7(2):133-42. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.2.133.
A retrospective analysis of the case records of 494 patients with 508 episodes of pneumococcal infections verified by cultures from blood or from cerebrospinal, pleural, and/or synovial fluid from 1964 through 1980 is presented and discussed in relation to the literature on invasive pneumococcal infections. The documented incidence (1976-1980) of pneumococcal meningitis in a defined area of southwestern Sweden was similar to that reported from the United States; 1.4 cases per 100,000 persons per year; for nonmeningitic infections (mainly bacteremic pneumonia) the incidence was 6.1 per 100,000 per year. The highest age-specific incidence was seen in infants younger than two years. In the vast majority of patients, predisposing conditions (young or old age or severe underlying diseases) were present. In adults, alcoholism was the most important risk factor. The fatality rate was 33% for patients with meningitis and 15% for patients with non-meningitic infections, figures that were strikingly similar to those reported in other studies. Underlying diseases and young or old age contributed significantly to the high mortality rates.
本文对1964年至1980年间494例患者的508次肺炎球菌感染病例记录进行了回顾性分析，这些感染通过血液、脑脊液、胸膜液和/或滑膜液培养得以证实，并结合侵袭性肺炎球菌感染的相关文献进行了讨论。瑞典西南部特定地区记录的肺炎球菌脑膜炎发病率（1976 - 1980年）与美国报告的发病率相似，为每年每10万人中有1.4例；非脑膜炎性感染（主要是菌血症性肺炎）的发病率为每年每10万人中有6.1例。年龄特异性发病率最高的是两岁以下的婴儿。绝大多数患者存在易感因素（年轻或年老或严重基础疾病）。在成年人中，酗酒是最重要的危险因素。脑膜炎患者的死亡率为33%，非脑膜炎性感染患者的死亡率为15%，这些数字与其他研究报告的数字惊人地相似。基础疾病以及年轻或年老显著导致了高死亡率。
