Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Macromolecules, Center of Technology, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nanotechnology. 2024 Jul 16;35(40). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5a15.
Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder characterized by excessive production of melanin in the skin and includes dyschromias such as post-inflammatory hyperchromias, lentigens, melasma and chloasma. Topical products containing depigmenting agents offer a less aggressive treatment option for hyperpigmentation compared to methods like chemical peels and laser sessions. However, some of these agents can cause side effects such as redness and skin irritation. Encapsulating these actives in nanosystems shows promise in mitigating these effects and improving product safety and efficacy. In addition, nanocarriers have the ability to penetrate the skin, potentially allowing for targeted delivery of actives to the affected areas. The most commonly investigated nanosystems are nanoemulsions, vesicular nanosystems and nanoparticles, in which different materials can be used to generate different compositions in order to improve the properties of these nanocarriers. Nanocarriers have already been widely explored, but it is necessary to understand the evolution of these technologies when applied to the treatment of skin hyperchromias. Therefore, this literature review aims to present the state of the art over the last 15 years on the use of nanosystems as a potential strategy for encapsulating depigmenting actives for potential application in cosmetic products for skin hyperchromia. By providing a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings and technological advances, this article can contribute to improving the care and quality of life of people affected by this skin condition.
色素沉着过度是一种皮肤疾病，其特征是皮肤中黑色素的过度产生，包括色素沉着过度、光化性角化病、黄褐斑和妊娠斑等色素异常。与化学换肤和激光治疗等方法相比，含有脱色剂的局部产品为色素沉着过度提供了一种侵袭性较小的治疗选择。然而，其中一些制剂可能会引起红肿和皮肤刺激等副作用。将这些活性成分封装在纳米系统中有望减轻这些副作用，提高产品的安全性和疗效。此外，纳米载体具有穿透皮肤的能力，可能能够将活性成分靶向递送至受影响的区域。最常研究的纳米系统是纳米乳剂、囊泡纳米系统和纳米粒子，其中可以使用不同的材料来生成不同的组合物，以改善这些纳米载体的性能。纳米载体已经得到了广泛的探索，但有必要了解这些技术在皮肤色素沉着过度治疗中的应用进展。因此，本文旨在对过去 15 年来纳米系统作为封装脱色活性成分的潜在策略的最新研究进展进行综述，以期为潜在应用于治疗皮肤色素沉着过度的化妆品产品提供参考。通过全面概述最新的研究成果和技术进展，本文可以为改善受这种皮肤状况影响的人们的护理和生活质量做出贡献。
