iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; CBiOS, Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
Int J Pharm. 2017 Nov 5;532(2):710-728. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.078. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
Nanotechnology involves the engineering of functional systems at nanoscale and it can be described as a collection of methods and techniques for processing materials to create products with special physicochemical properties. The rapid developments in nanotechnology have allowed the incorporation of therapeutic agents, actives for cosmetic, sensing agents into nanoparticles, for detection, prevention, and treatment of skin diseases. Nanoparticles promote the increase of penetration of drugs and many cosmetic chemicals across the skin. Nanoparticles offer many advantages as carrier systems since they can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs or actives such as phytocompounds, permeate the skin through different mechanisms, modify drug or actives pharmacokinetic and ultimately, improve their bioavailability. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of different types of nanoparticles for skin delivery over a period of 40 years. This review emphasizes approaches to overcome the drawbacks and limitations associated with the conventional systems and the advances and application that are poised to further enhance the efficacy of topical formulations with nanoparticles, offering the possibility of simplified dosing regimen that may improve treatment outcomes using these novel delivery nanosystems.
纳米技术涉及纳米尺度的功能系统工程，可被描述为一组用于加工材料的方法和技术，以制造具有特殊物理化学性质的产品。纳米技术的快速发展使得治疗剂、化妆品活性成分和感测剂能够被整合到纳米颗粒中，用于检测、预防和治疗皮肤病。纳米颗粒促进药物和许多化妆品化学物质穿透皮肤的能力增加。纳米颗粒作为载体系统具有许多优势，因为它们可以提高脂溶性差的药物或活性成分（如植物化合物）的溶解度，通过不同的机制渗透皮肤，改变药物或活性成分的药代动力学，最终提高其生物利用度。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 40 年来不同类型的纳米颗粒用于皮肤传递的最新进展。这篇综述强调了克服传统系统相关缺点和局限性的方法，以及有望进一步提高纳米颗粒局部制剂疗效的进展和应用，为简化这些新型递药纳米系统的用药方案提供了可能，从而有可能改善治疗效果。
