Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Division of Science and Innovation, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
J Med Entomol. 2024 Sep 10;61(5):1126-1139. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjae074.
Leishmaniasis is a zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of previously infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). In Brazil, 2 types of leishmaniasis are endemic, tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biospere Reserve (ERBR), 5 autochthonous cases of TL, and one autochthonous case of VL were reported from 2017 to 2022. Owing to the lack of data on entomological fauna, we surveyed the occurrence and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies that could act as Leishmania vectors, as well as natural Leishmania infection. During 1 year, 918 sandfly specimens belonging to 12 species were collected. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (32.0%), a proven VL agent, followed by Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936) (20.7%), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923) (17.0%), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (12.2%), and Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (10.5%), all putative or proven TL agents. Seasonal fluctuations and endo-exophilic behavior were delineated for the main phlebotomine sandflies. The population of Lu. longipalpis was higher during the coolest and driest months, although different profiles were noted for the other species. Natural Leishmania infection was not detected in any of the 197 phlebotomine sandfly females analyzed. The results were compared with those previously obtained in other municipalities belonging to the ERBR. The presence of Leishmania vectors and human cases of leishmaniasis indicate a risk of Leishmania transmission in the region.
利什曼病是一种由原生动物寄生虫引起的人畜共患病，属于利什曼属，通过先前感染的白蛉沙蝇（双翅目：鳞翅目：白蛉科）叮咬传播给人类。在巴西，有 2 种利什曼病是地方性的，即皮肤利什曼病（TL）和内脏利什曼病（VL）。在巴尔迪姆，一个位于埃斯皮纳桑多生物保护区（ERBR）的自治市，从 2017 年到 2022 年，报告了 5 例本地皮肤利什曼病病例和 1 例本地内脏利什曼病病例。由于缺乏有关昆虫区系的数据，我们调查了可能作为利什曼病媒介的白蛉沙蝇的发生和分布情况，以及自然感染的利什曼病。在 1 年的时间里，收集了 918 只属于 12 个物种的沙蝇标本。优势物种是卢茨omyia longipalpis（Lutz & Neiva，1912）（32.0%），这是一种已证明的内脏利什曼病媒介，其次是 Evandromyia evandroi（Costa Lima & Antunes，1936）（20.7%）， Evandromyia cortelezzii（Brèthes，1923）（17.0%）， Nyssomyia whitmani（Antunes & Coutinho，1939）（12.2%）和 Nyssomyia intermedia（Lutz & Neiva，1912）（10.5%），均为皮肤利什曼病的潜在或已证明的媒介。主要白蛉沙蝇的季节性波动和内-外生行为被划定。尽管其他物种的情况不同，但 Lu. longipalpis 的种群在最凉爽和最干燥的月份更高。在分析的 197 只雌性白蛉沙蝇中，均未检测到天然利什曼病感染。结果与之前在 ERBR 所属的其他自治市获得的结果进行了比较。利什曼病媒介的存在和人类利什曼病病例表明该地区存在利什曼病传播的风险。
