Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a frequent colonizer of the human genital and gastrointestinal tract. In pregnant or postpartum persons, colonization is often asymptomatic and can contribute to infectious morbidity in both the parturient and the newborn. The prevalence of invasive GBS disease has dramatically decreased over the past 3 decades. However, despite standardized clinical algorithms, GBS disease remains a public health concern. Our review summarizes the GBS bacteria pathophysiology, morbidity, management guidelines, and summarizes ongoing research. While novel testing and parturient vaccination are being explored, barriers exist, preventing guideline updates and widespread implementation.