哮喘学龄儿童父母的照护者负担：一项横断面研究。
Caregiver burden among parents of school-age children with asthma: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China.
Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 5;12:1368519. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368519. eCollection 2024.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the caregiver burden of parents of school-age children with asthma and analyze the factors influencing their caregiver burden.
METHODS
A convenience sampling method was used to select 366 parents of school-age children with asthma who visited the outpatient departments of three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, from January 2021 to July 2021. A general information questionnaire and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) were used to assess the current caregiver burden and analyze the influencing factors.
RESULTS
The caregiver burden score of parents of school-age children with asthma was 27 (17, 39), with 40.43% of parents experiencing moderate to high levels of burden. Detailed results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in caregiver burden scores based on parents' gender, highest education level, number of children, occupation, family history of asthma, monthly family income, annual medical expenses for the child, child's gender, whether the child had undergone lung function tests, number of emergency visits due to asthma exacerbation in the past 3 months, and whether the child had missed school due to asthma exacerbation in the past 3 months ( < 0.1). Detailed results of multivariate analysis showed that parents' gender, occupation, family history of asthma, monthly family income, annual medical expenses for the child, number of emergency visits due to asthma exacerbation in the past 3 months, and whether the child had missed school due to asthma exacerbation in the past 3 months were independent risk factors for caregiver burden in parents of school-age children with asthma ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Parents of school-age children with asthma experience a certain level of caregiver burden, with over one-third of parents experiencing moderate to high levels of burden. Being a mother, being a worker, having no family history of asthma, having low monthly family income, having high annual medical expenses for the child, having frequent emergency visits due to asthma exacerbation in the past 3 months, and having missed school due to asthma exacerbation in the past 3 months are independent risk factors for caregiver burden in parents of school-age children with asthma, healthcare providers should develop feasible coping strategies, such as paying attention to caregivers' psychological condition to reduce the burden of caring for parents of school-age children with asthma. The entire society should also make efforts in improving social support and strengthening healthcare coverage in order to achieve the aforementioned goals.
目的
调查学龄期哮喘患儿父母的照顾者负担，并分析影响其照顾者负担的因素。
方法
采用便利抽样法，选取 2021 年 1 月至 7 月期间中国四川省 3 家三级医院门诊就诊的 366 名学龄期哮喘患儿父母。使用一般资料问卷和照顾者负担量表（CBI）评估其当前照顾者负担，并分析影响因素。
结果
学龄期哮喘患儿父母的照顾者负担得分为 27（17，39），其中 40.43%的父母处于中高度负担水平。单因素分析的详细结果显示，父母的性别、最高受教育程度、子女数量、职业、哮喘家族史、家庭月收入、儿童年医疗费用、儿童性别、是否进行过肺功能检查、过去 3 个月因哮喘急性加重就诊次数、过去 3 个月因哮喘急性加重而缺课情况的照顾者负担得分存在显著差异（<0.01）。多因素分析的详细结果显示，父母的性别、职业、哮喘家族史、家庭月收入、儿童年医疗费用、过去 3 个月因哮喘急性加重就诊次数、过去 3 个月因哮喘急性加重而缺课情况是学龄期哮喘患儿父母照顾者负担的独立危险因素（<0.05）。
结论
学龄期哮喘患儿父母存在一定程度的照顾者负担，超过三分之一的父母处于中高度负担水平。母亲、工人、无哮喘家族史、家庭月收入低、儿童年医疗费用高、过去 3 个月因哮喘急性加重就诊次数频繁、过去 3 个月因哮喘急性加重而缺课是学龄期哮喘患儿父母照顾者负担的独立危险因素，医护人员应制定可行的应对策略，如关注照顾者的心理状况，以减轻学龄期哮喘患儿父母的照顾负担。全社会也应努力改善社会支持，加强医疗保障，以实现上述目标。
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