Cohen A M, Miller E, Madar Z
Acta Diabetol Lat. 1985 Jan-Mar;22(1):47-54. doi: 10.1007/BF02591092.
The insulin receptor is not the site for the stimulatory effect of copper on glucose incorporation into total lipids by adipose tissue; prewashing of adipose tissue of rats fed a stock diet in an insulin-free medium increases the glucose incorporation into total lipids in the presence of 0.1 unit insulin from 220 above control to 430% in the nondiabetic and from 154 to 230% in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. In contrast, glucose incorporation in the presence of CuCl2 X 2H2O is unaffected by prewashing, being the same in the prewashed as in the unwashed adipose tissue. On the other hand, mild trypsin digestion of adipocytes decreases the glucose incorporation in the presence of 28.5 mU insulin, from 201 to 126% - whereas the effect of copper on glucose incorporation is the same in the trypsin-treated or untreated adipocyte. In order to obtain maximal copper effect the adipocyte has to be preconditioned by insulin; preincubation of diabetic adipose tissue first for one hour with 0.1 unit insulin, and another hour with 100 micrograms CuCl2 X 2H2O added to the medium, results in greater glucose incorporation (230% above control) than when incubated alone with either CuCl2 X 2H2O (125%) or insulin (154%) for two hours. In addition to its previously noted effect on the in vivo insulin release, copper increased the number of the insulin receptor sites in adipocytes.
胰岛素受体并非铜对脂肪组织将葡萄糖掺入总脂质的刺激作用位点；用无胰岛素培养基预洗喂食普通饲料大鼠的脂肪组织后，在存在0.1单位胰岛素的情况下，非糖尿病大鼠的葡萄糖掺入总脂质量从高于对照的220%增至430%，链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠则从154%增至230%。相反，在存在二水氯化铜的情况下，葡萄糖掺入不受预洗影响，预洗后的脂肪组织与未洗的脂肪组织相同。另一方面，用温和的胰蛋白酶消化脂肪细胞会使在存在28.5 mU胰岛素的情况下葡萄糖掺入量从201%降至126%，而铜对葡萄糖掺入的影响在胰蛋白酶处理或未处理的脂肪细胞中相同。为了获得最大的铜效应，脂肪细胞必须用胰岛素预处理；糖尿病脂肪组织先与0.1单位胰岛素预孵育1小时，再向培养基中添加100微克二水氯化铜并孵育1小时，其葡萄糖掺入量（比对照高230%）高于单独与二水氯化铜（125%）或胰岛素（154%）孵育2小时的情况。除了其先前已被注意到的对体内胰岛素释放的影响外，铜还增加了脂肪细胞中胰岛素受体位点的数量。
