Pérez-García Covadonga, Sempere Julio, de Miguel Sara, Hita Samantha, Úbeda Aída, Vidal Erick Joan, Llorente Joaquín, Limia Aurora, de Miguel Angel Gil, Sanz Juan Carlos, Martinón-Torres Federico, Ardanuy Carmen, Domenech Mirian, Yuste Jose
Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
J Infect. 2024 Aug;89(2):106204. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106204. Epub 2024 Jun 19.
Dynamic trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) including the evolution of prevalent serotypes are very useful to evaluate the impact of current and future pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and the rise of non-vaccine serotypes. In this study, we include epidemiological patterns of S. pneumoniae before and after COVID-19 pandemic.
We characterized all national IPD isolates from children and adults received at the Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory during 2019-2023.
In the first pandemic year 2020, we found a general reduction in IPD cases across all age groups, followed by a partial resurgence in children in 2021 but not in adults. By 2022, IPD cases in children had returned to pre-pandemic levels, and partially in adults. In 2023, IPD rates surpassed those of the last pre-pandemic year. Notably, the emergence of serotype 3 is of significant concern, becoming the leading cause of IPD in both pediatric and adult populations over the last two years (2022-2023). Increase of serotype 4 in young adults occurred in the last epidemiological years.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a temporary decline in all IPD cases during 2020 attributable to non-pharmaceutical interventions followed by a subsequent rise. Employing PCVs with broader coverage and/or enhanced immunogenicity may be critical to mitigate the marked increase of IPD.
侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病（IPD）的动态趋势，包括流行血清型的演变，对于评估当前和未来肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV）的影响以及非疫苗血清型的增加非常有用。在本研究中，我们纳入了新冠疫情前后肺炎链球菌的流行病学模式。
我们对2019 - 2023年期间西班牙肺炎球菌参考实验室接收的所有儿童和成人的全国IPD分离株进行了特征分析。
在疫情的第一年2020年，我们发现所有年龄组的IPD病例普遍减少，随后在2021年儿童中部分回升，但成人中没有。到2022年，儿童中的IPD病例已恢复到疫情前水平，成人中部分恢复。2023年，IPD发病率超过了疫情前最后一年。值得注意的是，3型血清型的出现令人高度关注，在过去两年（2022 - 2023年）成为儿童和成人IPD的主要原因。在过去的流行病学年份中，年轻成人中4型血清型有所增加。
新冠疫情导致2020年所有IPD病例因非药物干预而暂时下降，随后又有所上升。使用覆盖范围更广和/或免疫原性更强的PCV对于减轻IPD的显著增加可能至关重要。
