Czech University of Life Science Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
Czech University of Life Science Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
J Dairy Sci. 2024 Oct;107(10):8205-8222. doi: 10.3168/jds.2023-24607. Epub 2024 Jun 20.
Although dairy goat production, characterized by traditional production on small farms, is an important source of income in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, locally adapted breeds have not been fully consolidated over the last 100 yr due to large fluctuations in population size and inconsistent breeding programs that allowed for different crossbreeding strategies. Our main objective in this study was therefore to assess the conservation status of 4 Czech (Alpine Goat, White Shorthair, Brown Shorthair, and Czech Landrace) and 1 Slovak (Slovak White Shorthair) local goat breeds, to analyze their population structure and admixture, and to estimate their relatedness to several neighboring breeds. Our analyses included 142 goats belonging to 5 local breeds genotyped with the Illumina 50K BeadChip, and 618 previously genotyped animals representing 15 goat breeds from Austria and Switzerland (all analyses based on 46,862 autosomal SNPs and 760 animals). In general, the conservation status of the Czech and Slovak local goat breeds was satisfactory, with the exception of the Brown Shorthair goat, as the analyzed parameters (heterozygosity, haplotype richness, runs of homozygosity-based inbreeding, and effective population size) were mostly above the median of 20 breeds. However, for all 5 Czech and Slovakian breeds, an examination of historical effective population size indicated a substantial decline about 8 to 22 generations ago. In addition, our study revealed that the Czech and Slovakian breeds are not fully consolidated; for instance, White Shorthair and Brown Shorthair were not clearly distinguishable. Considerable admixture, especially in Czech Landrace (effective number of parental clusters = 4.2), and low but numerous migration rates from other Austrian and Swiss breeds were found. These results provide valuable insights for future breeding programs and genetic diversity management of local Czech and Slovak goat breeds.
尽管以小型农场传统生产为特色的奶山羊生产是捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的重要收入来源，但由于种群规模的大幅波动和不一致的繁殖计划，允许采用不同的杂交策略，过去 100 年来，当地适应性品种并未完全得到巩固。因此，我们的主要目标是评估 4 个捷克（阿尔卑斯山羊、白莎福瑞斯、布朗莎福瑞斯和捷克兰德瑞斯）和 1 个斯洛伐克（斯洛伐克白莎福瑞斯）本地山羊品种的保护状况，分析它们的种群结构和杂交情况，并估计它们与几个邻近品种的亲缘关系。我们的分析包括 142 只属于 5 个本地品种的山羊，它们使用 Illumina 50K BeadChip 进行了基因分型，以及 618 只之前代表奥地利和瑞士的 15 个山羊品种进行了基因分型的动物（所有分析基于 46,862 个常染色体 SNP 和 760 只动物）。一般来说，除了布朗莎福瑞斯山羊外，捷克和斯洛伐克本地山羊品种的保护状况令人满意，因为分析的参数（杂合度、单倍型丰富度、基于纯合子运行的近交系数和有效种群大小）大多高于 20 个品种的中位数。然而，对于所有 5 个捷克和斯洛伐克品种，对历史有效种群大小的检查表明，大约在 8 到 22 代前，种群数量大幅下降。此外，我们的研究表明，捷克和斯洛伐克品种尚未完全整合；例如，白莎福瑞斯和布朗莎福瑞斯无法清晰区分。发现了大量的杂交现象，尤其是在捷克兰德瑞斯（有效父本聚类数=4.2），并且来自其他奥地利和瑞士品种的低但数量众多的迁移率。这些结果为未来的繁殖计划和捷克和斯洛伐克本地山羊品种的遗传多样性管理提供了有价值的见解。
