pH‑responsive nanozyme cascade catalysis: A strategy of BiVO application for modulation of pathological wound microenvironment.

Persistent inflammation and bacterial infection commonly occur during the wound healing process, necessitating urgent development of effective strategies for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, bismuth vanadate (BiVO) was successfully synthesized as an antibacterial agent that promotes wound healing. Through In vitro antibacterial experiments, it was observed that the prepared BiVO exhibited excellent performance in catalyzing HO to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH) at a lower concentration (0.2 mg mL), resulting in significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) strains. Furthermore, biosafety tests, cell scratch experiments, and ESBL-E. coli infected wound rat model experiments demonstrated high biocompatibility of BiVO with a cell survival rate exceeding 85 %. Additionally, BiVO promoted the production of vascular endothelial growth factors and fibroblasts migration while contributing to collagen production, effectively facilitating immune reconstruction at the wound site. By integrating peroxidase (POD)-like under acidic conditions (pH 4) and catalase (CAT)-like catalytic activities at under neutral conditions (pH 7), BiVO exhibited the ability to activate free radical sterilization and accelerate wound healing by activating O. Therefore, our findings provide evidence for a dual enzyme regulatory mechanism involving antibacterial properties and promotion of wound tissue reconstruction for potential application in both antibacterial treatment and wound healing.