Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai-600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre of Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, India.
Acta Trop. 2024 Sep;257:107290. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107290. Epub 2024 Jun 22.
Mosquito borne diseases are impeding to human health due to their uncontrolled proliferation. Various commercial insecticides currently used become ineffective due to the resistance acquired by mosquitoes. It is necessary and a priority to combat mosquito population. Plant-based products are gaining interest over the past few decades due to their environment friendliness and their effectiveness in controlling mosquitoes along with their lack of toxicity. Essential oil nanoemulsions are found to be highly effective when compared to their bulk counterparts. Due to their nano size, they can effectively interact and yield 100 % mortality with the mosquito larvae and encounter with minimal concentrations. This is the main advantage of the nano-sized particles due to which they find application in various disciplines and have also received the attention of researchers globally. There are various components present in essential oils that have been analysed using GC-MS. These findings reflect the challenge to mosquitoes to gain resistance against each component and therefore it requires time. Commercially used repellants are synthesised using materials like DEET are not advisable for topical application on human skin and essential oil nanoemulsions could be an ideal non toxic candidate that can be used against mosquito adults and larvae. However, there are other synthesis, optimisation parameters, and toxicity towards non-target organisms that have to be taken into account when essential oil nanoemulsions are considered for commercial applications. Here we review the strategies used by the nanoemulsions against the mosquito population. Apart from the positive effects, their minor drawbacks also have to be scrutinised in the future.
由于蚊子的不受控制的繁殖，蚊子传播的疾病正在阻碍人类健康。由于蚊子产生了抗药性，目前使用的各种商业杀虫剂变得无效。有必要优先控制蚊子的数量。在过去几十年中，由于植物性产品对环境友好，并且在控制蚊子方面非常有效，同时毒性也很低，因此引起了人们的兴趣。与它们的块状物相比，精油纳米乳液被发现具有更高的效果。由于它们的纳米尺寸，它们可以有效地与蚊子幼虫相互作用，并在最小浓度下产生 100%的死亡率。这是纳米颗粒的主要优势，因此它们在各个学科中得到了应用，并且也引起了全球研究人员的关注。精油中存在各种成分，已经使用 GC-MS 进行了分析。这些发现反映了蚊子对每种成分产生抗药性的挑战，因此需要时间。商业上使用的驱虫剂是使用避蚊胺等材料合成的，不建议在人体皮肤上局部使用，而精油纳米乳液可能是一种理想的无毒候选物，可以用于防治成蚊和幼虫。然而，在考虑将精油纳米乳液用于商业应用时，还必须考虑其他合成、优化参数以及对非目标生物的毒性。在这里，我们回顾了纳米乳液对抗蚊子种群的策略。除了积极的影响，未来还必须仔细研究它们的一些小缺点。
