Kayiran Serpil Demirci, Guven Bolgen Umay Merve, Cevikelli Tilbe, Ozyurt Aylin Balcı, Ozkan Esra Eroglu, Ferahoglu Elif, Kırıcı Saliha, Kuley Esmeray, Ozogul Yesim, Ozogul Fatih
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jul 23;10(30):33932-33945. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c06077. eCollection 2025 Aug 5.
The essential oils (EOs) of (DC.) Stapf are globally recognized for their antimicrobial properties. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by their low solubility and potency. This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents, cytotoxic activity, and antimicrobial potential of nanoemulsions based on EOs. Thirteen primary components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components were geraniol acetate (50.81%), citral (16.97%), β-citral (12.95%), and geranial (9.45%). Nanoemulsions containing three different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) of EOs were evaluated regarding the droplet size, polydispersity index, pH, conductivity, and viscosity. The results demonstrated that nanoemulsions with spherical shapes and droplet sizes less than 143 nm were successfully formed at all tested concentrations, with average sizes of 143, 132, and 82 nm, respectively. Furthermore, all formulations were physically stable, even after undergoing stability testing. The EO of exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a broad range of foodborne pathogens, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with A being the most susceptible strain. The aforementioned nanoemulsions were more effective against methicillin-resistant and . The nanoemulsions did not induce any significant cytotoxicity within the concentration range of 0.05-2 μg/mL in 24 h ( > 0.05). The cell viability consistently remained above 85%, even at the highest concentration tested. These findings suggested the strong potential of EOs and their nanoemulsion forms as natural antimicrobial agents for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
（DC.）Stapf的精油（EOs）因其抗菌特性而在全球范围内得到认可。然而，它们的治疗潜力受到其低溶解度和效力的限制。本研究旨在调查基于EOs的纳米乳液的化学成分、细胞毒性活性和抗菌潜力。使用气相色谱-质谱法分析了13种主要成分。主要成分是乙酸香叶酯（50.81%）、柠檬醛（16.97%）、β-柠檬醛（12.95%）和香叶醛（9.45%）。对含有三种不同浓度（1%、5%和10%）EOs的纳米乳液的液滴大小、多分散指数、pH值、电导率和粘度进行了评估。结果表明，在所有测试浓度下均成功形成了球形且液滴大小小于143nm的纳米乳液，平均大小分别为143nm、132nm和82nm。此外，所有制剂即使在经过稳定性测试后在物理上也是稳定的。EOs对多种食源性病原体表现出强大的抗菌活性，包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌，其中A是最敏感的菌株。上述纳米乳液对耐甲氧西林菌更有效。在24小时内，纳米乳液在0.05 - 2μg/mL的浓度范围内未诱导任何显著的细胞毒性（P>0.05）。即使在测试的最高浓度下，细胞活力也始终保持在85%以上。这些发现表明EOs及其纳米乳液形式作为天然抗菌剂在食品和制药行业应用中具有强大的潜力。
