Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 25;14(1):14576. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64282-3.
The joint impact of tadalafil (Cilais) as a pharmaceutical residue and microplastics on fish is not well comprehended. The current study examined haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters, along with immunohistochemical and histological indications in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to tadalafil, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs), and their mixtures for 15 days. The fish were distributed into 1st group control group (The fish was maintained in untreated water without any supplements); 2nd group exposed to 10 mg/L PE-MPs;3rd group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais); 4th group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais) + 10 mg/LPE-MPs (in triplicate). The levels of creatinine, uric acid, glucose, AST, ALT, and albumin in fish treated with tadalafil alone or in combination with PE-MPs were significantly higher than those in the control group. Fish exposed to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil plus PE-MPs showed significantly lower levels of RBCs, Hb, Ht, neutrophils, and lymphocytes compared to the control group. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were notably lowered in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations in comparison to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were notably elevated in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations compared to the control group. The most severe impact was observed in the tadalafil + PE-MPs combination group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in liver tissues following exposure to both tadalafil and microplastics compared to tissues exposed to only one substance or the control group. Changes in the gills, liver, and renal tissues were seen following exposure to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combination in comparison to the control group of fish. Ultimately, the mixture of tadalafil and PE-MPs resulted in the most detrimental outcomes. Tadalafil and PE-MPs exhibited showed greater adverse effects, likely due to tadalafil being absorbed onto PE-MPs.
他达拉非（希爱力）作为一种药物残留和微塑料对鱼类的综合影响尚未得到充分理解。本研究检测了暴露于他达拉非、聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MPs）及其混合物 15 天后罗非鱼（奥利亚罗非鱼）的血液学、生化和抗氧化参数，以及免疫组织化学和组织学指标。将鱼分为 1 组对照组（鱼在未经处理的水中饲养，不添加任何补充剂）；2 组暴露于 10mg/LPE-MPs；3 组暴露于 20mg/L 他达拉非（希爱力）；4 组暴露于 20mg/L 他达拉非（希爱力）+10mg/LPE-MPs（重复 3 次）。单独或联合暴露于他达拉非和 PE-MPs 的鱼的肌酐、尿酸、葡萄糖、AST、ALT 和白蛋白水平显著高于对照组。与对照组相比，暴露于 PE-MPs、他达拉非和他达拉非+PE-MPs 的鱼的 RBC、Hb、Ht、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞水平显著降低。与对照组相比，暴露于 PE-MPs、他达拉非和他达拉非+PE-MPs 组合的鱼的血清总抗氧化能力和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平显著降低。与对照组相比，暴露于 PE-MPs、他达拉非和他达拉非+PE-MPs 组合的鱼的血清丙二醛（MDA）水平显著升高。与对照组相比，他达拉非+PE-MPs 联合组观察到最严重的影响。与仅暴露于一种物质或对照组相比，暴露于他达拉非和微塑料后，肝脏组织中的白细胞介素 6（IL-6）水平显著升高。与对照组相比，暴露于 PE-MPs、他达拉非和他达拉非+PE-MPs 组合后，鱼的鳃、肝和肾组织发生变化。最终，他达拉非和 PE-MPs 的混合物产生了最不利的结果。他达拉非和 PE-MPs 表现出更大的不良影响，可能是因为他达拉非被吸收到 PE-MPs 上。
