Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HainingRoad, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Virol J. 2024 Jun 24;21(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02414-x.
Omicron variants are currently the predominant circulating lineage worldwide and most cases are mild or asymptomatic. The Omicron variant is characterized by high transmissibility and immune evasion. Early identification of Omicron cases in clinical settings is crucial for controlling its spread. Previous studies have indicated that changes in hematological parameters can be used to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic cases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic Omicron variant infections.
Hematological parameters and results were analyzed and compared in symptomatic (n = 356) and asymptomatic (n = 171) groups respectively, and between these two groups with positive COVID-19 tests. The utility of hematological parameters for predicting positive COVID-19 tests was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves.
Individuals with non-severe cases exhibited decreased levels of platelets, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes (%), eosinophils (%), and basophils (%), while exhibiting elevated counts of monocytes, neutrophils (%), monocytes (%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) when compared to suspected cases or asymptomatic carriers. In asymptomatic patients, positive carriers had lower leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts but higher monocyte, monocyte (%), PLR, and CRP levels than negative carriers. Basophil counts combined with lymphocytes or the PLR demonstrated a more significant predictive value in screening non-severe cases earlier compared to other parameters. The combined assessment of the monocyte (%) and the PLR had the highest area under the curve for diagnosing asymptomatic carriers.
Circulating basophils, alone or in combination with other hematological parameters, may be used as efficient biomarkers for early screening of non-severe Omicron cases.
奥密克戎变异株目前是全球主要流行株，多数为轻症或无症状感染。奥密克戎变异株具有传播力强、免疫逃逸能力强的特点。早期识别临床中的奥密克戎感染病例，对于控制其传播至关重要。既往研究表明，血液学参数的变化可用于预测 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的严重程度。然而，血液学参数在非重症和无症状病例中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨血液学参数在非重症和无症状奥密克戎变异株感染中的作用。
分别分析和比较有症状（n=356）和无症状（n=171）组，以及这两组阳性 COVID-19 检测者的血液学参数和结果。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析血液学参数对阳性 COVID-19 检测的预测价值。
与疑似病例或无症状携带者相比，非重症病例个体的血小板、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、淋巴细胞（%）、嗜酸性粒细胞（%）和嗜碱性粒细胞（%）水平降低，单核细胞、中性粒细胞（%）、单核细胞计数、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和 C 反应蛋白（CRP）升高。在无症状患者中，阳性携带者的白细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数较低，但单核细胞、单核细胞（%）、PLR 和 CRP 水平较高。与其他参数相比，联合检测嗜碱性粒细胞计数和淋巴细胞或 PLR 对筛查非重症病例具有更早、更显著的预测价值。联合评估单核细胞（%）和 PLR 的曲线下面积最高，用于诊断无症状携带者。
循环嗜碱性粒细胞单独或与其他血液学参数联合，可能作为早期筛查非重症奥密克戎病例的有效生物标志物。
