Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bagyattallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Virol J. 2023 Feb 8;20(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-01973-9.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to plague the world. While COVID-19 is asymptomatic in most individuals, it can cause symptoms like pneumonia, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), and death in others. Although humans are currently being vaccinated with several COVID-19 candidate vaccines in many countries, however, the world still is relying on hygiene measures, social distancing, and approved drugs.
There are many potential therapeutic agents to pharmacologically fight COVID-19: antiviral molecules, recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, corticosteroids, interferon therapies, and herbal agents. By an understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and its infection mechanisms, several vaccine candidates are under development and some are currently in various phases of clinical trials.
This review describes potential therapeutic agents, including antiviral agents, biologic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and herbal agents in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In addition to reviewing the vaccine candidates that entered phases 4, 3, and 2/3 clinical trials, this review also discusses the various platforms that are used to develop the vaccine COVID-19.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）继续困扰着世界。虽然 COVID-19 在大多数个体中无症状，但在其他个体中可引起肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和死亡等症状。虽然目前许多国家的人类正在接种几种 COVID-19 候选疫苗，但世界仍依赖于卫生措施、社交距离和已批准的药物。
有许多潜在的治疗药物可从药理学上对抗 COVID-19：抗病毒分子、重组可溶性血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）、单克隆抗体、疫苗、皮质类固醇、干扰素治疗和草药。通过了解 SARS-CoV-2 的结构及其感染机制，正在开发几种候选疫苗，其中一些目前处于不同的临床试验阶段。
本文综述了 COVID-19 患者治疗中潜在的治疗药物，包括抗病毒药物、生物制剂、抗炎药物和草药。除了综述进入 4 期、3 期和 2/3 期临床试验的候选疫苗外，本文还讨论了用于开发 COVID-19 疫苗的各种平台。
