Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Raub Health District Office, Pahang State Health Deparment, Ministry of Health, Raub, Malaysia.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Jun 24;43(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00583-7.
Malaysia faces the threat of a double burden of malnutrition where undernutrition and overweight (including obesity) coexist in the same population. This study aimed to determine the anthropometric assessment among children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years and its association with socio-demographic factors.
Data were extracted from the National Health and Morbidity Survey conducted in 2019. This cross-sectional survey applied a two-stage stratified sampling design. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained. Weight and height were measured, age- and sex-specific standard scores for height and BMI were calculated to establish individual's anthropometric assessment. Having either stunting or thinness was considered undernutrition, while being overweight (including obesity) was considered overnutrition. If someone had undernutrition and/or overnutrition, they were classified as having malnutrition. The prevalence was determined using complex sampling analysis, while the association was assessed through logistic regression. The analysis included a total of 3,185 respondents.
The prevalence of stunting, thinness, overweight and obesity among the respondents aged 5 to 17 years was 12.7%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 14.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 48.3%. Respondents residing in rural had 1.35 times more likelihood of experiencing undernutrition [AOR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.04, 1.77)] compared to their urban counterparts. Boys exhibited a greater likelihood of being overweight and obese than girls [AOR = 1.40, 95% CI (1.13, 1.73)]. Respondents aged 10 to 14 years were 1.37 times more likely to be overnutrition than those aged 5 to 9 years old [AOR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.09, 1.73)].
There is growing evidence of the increasing prevalence of coexistence of undernutrition along with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Malaysia. Moving forward, greater initiatives and efforts are required to formulate strategies for planning and implementing programs and policies to expedite progress in improving nutrition.
马来西亚面临着营养双重负担的威胁，即营养不良和超重（包括肥胖）同时存在于同一人群中。本研究旨在确定 5 至 17 岁儿童和青少年的人体测量评估及其与社会人口因素的关系。
数据来自于 2019 年进行的国家健康和发病率调查。这项横断面调查采用了两阶段分层抽样设计。获取了社会人口特征。测量了体重和身高，计算了身高和 BMI 的年龄和性别特异性标准分数，以确定个体的人体测量评估。存在身材矮小或消瘦被认为是营养不良，而超重（包括肥胖）被认为是营养过剩。如果一个人既有营养不良又有营养过剩，则被归类为存在营养不良。使用复杂抽样分析确定了患病率，通过逻辑回归评估了相关性。分析共包括 3185 名受访者。
5 至 17 岁的受访者中，身材矮小、消瘦、超重和肥胖的患病率分别为 12.7%、10.0%、15.0%和 14.8%。营养不良的总患病率为 48.3%。与城市居民相比，居住在农村的居民发生营养不良的可能性高出 1.35 倍[优势比（AOR）=1.35，95%置信区间（CI）（1.04，1.77）]。与女孩相比，男孩超重和肥胖的可能性更大[AOR=1.40，95%置信区间（CI）（1.13，1.73）]。与 5 至 9 岁的儿童相比，10 至 14 岁的儿童发生超重和肥胖的可能性高 1.37 倍[AOR=1.37，95%置信区间（CI）（1.09，1.73）]。
越来越多的证据表明，马来西亚儿童和青少年中营养不良与超重和肥胖同时存在的患病率不断上升。未来，需要采取更大的举措和努力，制定战略，规划和实施方案和政策，以加快改善营养的进展。
