College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescriptions, Nanjing 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang 222067, China.
The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou 225300, China.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2024 Aug;108:106967. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106967. Epub 2024 Jun 22.
The transformation of salvianolic acid B brought on by heat treatment recovery of ethanol eluent, which is a difficult problem in pharmaceutical technology, affects the purity of raw material when the medicinal raw material salvianolic acid B is purified by resin. Ultrasonic-assisted nanofiltration separation (UANS) was first employed to improve efficiency of resource utilization by regulating rejection and separating salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from organic pharmaceutical wastewater. The rejection was related to three variables: ultrasonic power, pH, and ethanol concentration. But there were differences in the effects of variables on the rejections of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid. The rejections of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B showed a decreasing trend with an increase in ultrasonic power or a decrease in pH; however, when the concentration of ethanol was increased from 5 % to 35 %, the salvianolic acid B rejection increased from 84.96 % to 96.60 % and the rosmarinic acid rejection decreased from 35.09 % to 17.51 %. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal UANS parameters for solution conditions involving different ethanol concentrations are as follows: 10 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 6.15), 20 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 6.54), and 30 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 460 W and pH 6.34). The molecular proportions of salvianolic acid B were 10.75 %, 7.13 %, and 8.27 % in 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % ethanol wastewater, while the molecular proportions of rosmarinic acid were 40.52 %, 33.83 %, and 69.87 %, respectively. And the recoveries of salvianolic acid B in 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % ethanol wastewater were 93.56 %, 95.04 %, and 97.30 %, respectively, while the recoveries of rosmarinic acid were 3.19 %, 2.27 %, and 0.56 %. The molecular proportion and the rejection are correlated exponentially. In comparison with conventional nanofiltration separation (CNS), UANS is able to resolve the conflict between rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in pharmaceutical wastewater, as well as enhance resource recycling and separation efficiency to prevent pollution of the environment from pharmaceutical wastewater. Experiments using UANS at different power intensities suggest that the ultrasonic at a power intensity of 46-50 W/L and the power density of 0.92-1.00 W/cm may resolve the separation conflict between rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. This work suggests that UANS may be a significant advancement in the field of ultrasonic separation and has several potential uses in the water treatment industry.
热处理回收乙醇洗脱剂引起的丹酚酸 B 的转化是制药技术中的一个难题，当用树脂纯化药用原料丹酚酸 B 时，会影响原料的纯度。超声辅助纳滤分离（UANS）首先被用于通过调节排斥作用和从有机药物废水中分离丹酚酸 B 和迷迭香酸来提高资源利用效率。截留率与三个变量有关：超声功率、pH 值和乙醇浓度。但变量对迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 截留率的影响存在差异。迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 的截留率随着超声功率的增加或 pH 值的降低而呈下降趋势；然而，当乙醇浓度从 5%增加到 35%时，丹酚酸 B 的截留率从 84.96%增加到 96.60%，迷迭香酸的截留率从 35.09%降低到 17.51%。在响应面法（RSM）的基础上，不同乙醇浓度溶液条件下 UANS 的最佳参数如下：10%乙醇溶液（超声功率 500W，pH 值 6.15）、20%乙醇溶液（超声功率 500W，pH 值 6.54）和 30%乙醇溶液（超声功率 460W，pH 值 6.34）。在 10%、20%和 30%乙醇废水中，丹酚酸 B 的分子比例分别为 10.75%、7.13%和 8.27%，而迷迭香酸的分子比例分别为 40.52%、33.83%和 69.87%。在 10%、20%和 30%乙醇废水中，丹酚酸 B 的回收率分别为 93.56%、95.04%和 97.30%，而迷迭香酸的回收率分别为 3.19%、2.27%和 0.56%。分子比例和截留率呈指数相关。与传统纳滤分离（CNS）相比，UANS 能够解决药物废水中迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 之间的冲突，同时提高资源回收利用率和分离效率，防止药物废水对环境造成污染。在不同功率强度下使用 UANS 的实验表明，超声功率强度为 46-50W/L，功率密度为 0.92-1.00W/cm 时，可能解决迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 之间的分离冲突。这项工作表明 UANS 可能是超声分离领域的一项重大进展，在水处理行业有多种潜在用途。
