Matuska-Łyżwa Joanna, Duda Sandra, Nowak Dominika, Kaca Wiesław
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka St., 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
Insects. 2024 Jun 5;15(6):421. doi: 10.3390/insects15060421.
Many organisms, including beneficial entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), are commonly found in the soil environment. EPNs are used as biopesticides for pest control. They have many positive characteristics and are able to survive at sites of application for a long time, producing new generations of individuals. The occurrence of populations depends on many environmental parameters, such as temperature, moisture, soil texture, and pH. Extreme temperatures result in a decrease in the survival rate and infectivity of EPNs. Both high humidity and acidic soil pH reduce populations and disrupt the biological activity of EPNs. Nematodes are also exposed to anthropogenic agents, such as heavy metals, oil, gasoline, and even essential oils. These limit their ability to move in the soil, thereby reducing their chances of successfully finding a host. Commonly used fertilizers and chemical pesticides are also a challenge. They reduce the pathogenicity of EPNs and negatively affect their reproduction, which reduces the population size. Biotic factors also influence nematode biology. Fungi and competition limit the reproduction and survival of EPNs in the soil. Host availability enables survival and affects infectivity. Knowledge of the influence of environmental factors on the biology of EPNs will allow more effective use of the insecticidal capacity of these organisms.
包括有益的昆虫病原线虫（EPNs）在内的许多生物，在土壤环境中普遍存在。EPNs被用作控制害虫的生物杀虫剂。它们具有许多积极特性，能够在施用地点长期存活，并产生新一代个体。种群的出现取决于许多环境参数，如温度、湿度、土壤质地和pH值。极端温度会导致EPNs的存活率和感染力下降。高湿度和酸性土壤pH值都会减少种群数量，并破坏EPNs的生物活性。线虫还会接触到人为因素，如重金属、石油、汽油，甚至是精油。这些因素限制了它们在土壤中的移动能力，从而降低了它们成功找到宿主的机会。常用的肥料和化学农药也是一个挑战。它们会降低EPNs的致病性，并对其繁殖产生负面影响，进而减少种群规模。生物因素也会影响线虫生物学。真菌和竞争会限制EPNs在土壤中的繁殖和存活。宿主的可获得性影响其生存并影响感染力。了解环境因素对EPNs生物学的影响，将有助于更有效地利用这些生物的杀虫能力。
