Waqas Muhammad-Salman, Arroyo Eduardo, Tibary Ahmed
Comparative Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Vet Sci. 2024 May 29;11(6):243. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11060243.
Management of breeding stallions is crucial to equine reproduction. The longevity of the breeding career is the ultimate objective, whether the stallion is used for natural cover or for semen collection and artificial insemination. Stud farm veterinarians should be aware of the techniques used to evaluate testicular function and the diagnostic approach to testicular disorders in cases of emergency. This paper presents the clinical methods used to evaluate testicular health, including palpation, ultrasonography, biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. The discussion of testicular disorders is broken down into four categories: congenital disorders (cryptorchidism, monorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia), differential diagnosis of scrotal enlargement, differential diagnosis of causes of progressive testicular enlargement, and differential diagnosis of testicular asymmetry or reduction in size with an emphasis on testicular degeneration. The sudden increase in testicular size is often accompanied by severe clinical signs and is a major cause for referral of stallion for surgery. Testicular disorders are illustrated with clinical cases seen by the authors.
种公马的管理对马的繁殖至关重要。无论种公马是用于自然配种还是采精及人工授精，繁殖生涯的长久都是最终目标。种马场兽医应了解用于评估睾丸功能的技术以及紧急情况下睾丸疾病的诊断方法。本文介绍了用于评估睾丸健康的临床方法，包括触诊、超声检查、活检和细针穿刺抽吸。睾丸疾病的讨论分为四类：先天性疾病（隐睾症、单睾症和睾丸发育不全）、阴囊增大的鉴别诊断、渐进性睾丸增大原因的鉴别诊断以及睾丸不对称或体积缩小的鉴别诊断，重点是睾丸退化。睾丸大小的突然增加通常伴有严重的临床症状，是种公马转诊手术的主要原因。本文通过作者所见的临床病例来说明睾丸疾病。
