Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China.
Biomolecules. 2024 Jun 13;14(6):689. doi: 10.3390/biom14060689.
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between ROS levels and the body's antioxidant defenses can lead to the development of numerous diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a key component of the body's antioxidant system, is an oxidoreductase enzyme. GPX3 mitigates oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water. Beyond its antioxidant function, GPX3 is vital in regulating metabolism, modulating cell growth, inducing apoptosis and facilitating signal transduction. It also serves as a significant tumor suppressor in various cancers. Recent studies have revealed aberrant expression of GPX3 in several non-neoplastic diseases, associating it with multiple pathological processes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of GPX3 expression and regulation, highlighting its extensive roles in noncancerous diseases. Additionally, this paper evaluates the potential of GPX3 as a diagnostic biomarker and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme, offering potential avenues for future clinical treatment of non-neoplastic conditions.
活性氧（ROS）是正常细胞代谢的副产物，在各种生理过程中发挥关键作用。ROS 水平与机体抗氧化防御之间的平衡被打破，可能会导致许多疾病的发生。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 3（GPX3）是机体抗氧化系统的关键组成部分，是一种氧化还原酶。GPX3 通过催化过氧化氢转化为水来减轻氧化损伤。除了抗氧化功能外，GPX3 在调节代谢、调节细胞生长、诱导细胞凋亡和促进信号转导方面也至关重要。它还是多种癌症中的重要肿瘤抑制因子。最近的研究表明，GPX3 在几种非肿瘤性疾病中存在异常表达，与多种病理过程相关。本综述综合了目前对 GPX3 表达和调节的认识，强调了其在非癌性疾病中的广泛作用。此外，本文还评估了 GPX3 作为诊断生物标志物的潜力，并探讨了针对该酶的新兴治疗策略，为未来非肿瘤性疾病的临床治疗提供了潜在途径。
