Duffley Eleanor, Grynspan David, Scott Hailey, Lafrenière Anthea, Borba Vieira de Andrade Cherley, Bloise Enrrico, Connor Kristin L
Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Department of Pathology, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jun 8;13(12):3378. doi: 10.3390/jcm13123378.
The placenta undergoes morphological and functional adaptations to adverse exposures during pregnancy. The effects ofsuboptimal maternal body mass index (BMI), preterm birth, and infection on placental histopathological phenotypes are not yet well understood, despite the association between these conditions and poor offspring outcomes. We hypothesized that suboptimal maternal prepregnancy BMI and preterm birth (with and without infection) would associate with altered placental maturity and morphometry, and that altered placental maturity would associate with poor birth outcomes. Clinical data and human placentae were collected from 96 pregnancies where mothers were underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, without other major complications. Placental histopathological characteristics were scored by an anatomical pathologist. Associations between maternal BMI, placental pathology (immaturity and hypermaturity), placental morphometry, and infant outcomes were investigated for term and preterm births with and without infection. : Fetal capillary volumetric proportion was decreased, whereas the villous stromal volumetric proportion was increased in placentae from preterm pregnancies with chorioamnionitis compared to preterm placentae without chorioamnionitis. At term and preterm, pregnancies with maternal overweight and obesity had a high percentage increase in proportion of immature placentae compared to normal weight. Placental maturity did not associate with infant birth outcomes. We observed placental hypermaturity and altered placental morphometry among preterm pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, suggestive of altered placental development, which may inform about pregnancies susceptible to preterm birth and infection. : Our data increase our understanding of how common metabolic exposures and preterm birth, in the absence of other comorbidities or complications, potentially contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes and developmental programming.
胎盘在孕期会经历形态和功能上的适应性变化以应对不良暴露。尽管孕期体重指数（BMI）不理想、早产和感染与不良后代结局之间存在关联，但这些情况对胎盘组织病理学表型的影响尚未完全明确。我们假设，孕前BMI不理想和早产（无论有无感染）会与胎盘成熟度和形态测量的改变相关，且胎盘成熟度改变会与不良出生结局相关。我们收集了96例母亲体重过轻、正常体重、超重或肥胖且无其他主要并发症的妊娠的临床数据和人胎盘。由一名解剖病理学家对胎盘组织病理学特征进行评分。研究了足月和早产（无论有无感染）情况下，母亲BMI、胎盘病理学（不成熟和过度成熟）、胎盘形态测量与婴儿结局之间的关联。与无绒毛膜羊膜炎的早产胎盘相比，患有绒毛膜羊膜炎的早产胎盘的胎儿毛细血管体积比例降低，而绒毛间质体积比例增加。在足月和早产时，与正常体重相比，母亲超重和肥胖的妊娠中不成熟胎盘比例的增加百分比更高。胎盘成熟度与婴儿出生结局无关。我们在患有绒毛膜羊膜炎的早产妊娠中观察到胎盘过度成熟和胎盘形态测量改变，提示胎盘发育改变，这可能为易发生早产和感染的妊娠提供信息。我们的数据增进了我们对在无其他合并症或并发症的情况下，常见的代谢暴露和早产如何可能导致不良妊娠结局和发育编程的理解。
