Kowalewska Zofia, Goluch Karolina, Korol Waldemar, Olchowski Rafał, Dobrowolski Ryszard
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Łukasiewicza 17, 09-410 Plock, Poland.
National Laboratory for Feedingstuffs, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Chmielna 2 Str., 20-079 Lublin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jun 9;17(12):2812. doi: 10.3390/ma17122812.
Fluorine, depending on its concentration and chemical form, is essential or toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to determine it reliably. In this study, fluorine was determined in animal feed after extraction with HCl (gastric juice simulation). The standard potentiometric method with a fluoride-selective electrode (ISE) and newly developed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFMAS) method was applied. Feed samples turned out to be a challenge for HR-CS GFMAS. Chemical interferences (formation of competing molecules, CaF, GaCl, and GaP, instead of the target GaF molecule) and spectral effects (including a phosphorous molecule spectrum and atomic lines) were identified. An additional difficulty was caused by reagent contamination with F and memory effects. Difficulties were eliminated/reduced. The quality of ISE analysis was multi-directionally verified (including comprehensive proficiency testing). A risk of inaccuracy at low F concentration, where the calibration relationship is nonlinear, was investigated. The results of both methods were consistent, which confirms the accuracy of the methods and informs that the extracted fluorine is in fluoride form. The results of extensive ISE tests conducted in Poland in 2021-2023 have shown that, in most cases, the fluoride content is significantly lower than the threshold values.
氟，根据其浓度和化学形态，对人类和动物而言既可能是必需的，也可能是有毒的。因此，能够可靠地测定氟至关重要。在本研究中，采用盐酸萃取（模拟胃液）后测定动物饲料中的氟。应用了使用氟离子选择性电极（ISE）的标准电位分析法和新开发的高分辨率连续光源石墨炉分子吸收光谱法（HR-CS GFMAS）。饲料样品对HR-CS GFMAS来说是一项挑战。识别出了化学干扰（形成竞争性分子，如CaF、GaCl和GaP，而非目标GaF分子）和光谱效应（包括磷分子光谱和原子谱线）。试剂受氟污染和记忆效应造成了额外的困难。这些困难得以消除/减轻。对ISE分析的质量进行了多方面验证（包括全面的能力验证）。研究了在低氟浓度下校准关系呈非线性时存在的不准确风险。两种方法的结果一致，这证实了方法的准确性，并表明萃取得到的氟呈氟化物形式。2021年至2023年在波兰进行的大量ISE测试结果表明，在大多数情况下，氟化物含量显著低于阈值。
