Ley Philip, Sturm Manfred, Ternes Thomas A, Meermann Björn
Department G2-Aquatic Chemistry, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2017 Dec;409(30):6949-6958. doi: 10.1007/s00216-017-0647-5. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
In addition to beneficial health effects, fluoride can also have adverse effects on humans, animals, and plants if the daily intake is strongly elevated. One main source of fluoride uptake is water, and thus several ordinances exist in Germany that declare permissible concentrations of fluoride in, for example, drinking water, mineral water, and landfill seepage water. Controlling the fluoride concentrations in aqueous matrices necessitate valid and fast analytical methods. In this work an alternative method for the determination of fluoride in surface waters based on high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) was applied. Fluoride detection was made possible by the formation of a diatomic molecule, GaF, and detection of characteristic molecular absorption. On HR-CS-GFMAS parameter optimization, the method was adapted to surface water sample analysis. The influence of potential main matrix constituents such as Na, Ca, Mg, and Cl as well as surface water sampling/storage conditions on the molecular absorption signal of GaF was investigated. Method validation demonstrated a low limit of detection (8.1 μg L) and a low limit of quantification (26.9 μg L), both sufficient for direct river water sample analysis after 0.45-μm filtration. The optimized HR-CS-GFMAS method was applied for the analysis of real water samples from the rivers Rhine and Moselle. For method validation, samples were also analyzed by an ion chromatography (IC) method. IC and HR-CS-GFMAS results both agreed well. In comparison with IC, HR-CS-GFMAS has higher sample throughput, a lower limit of detection and a lower limit of quantification, and higher selectivity, and is a very suitable method for the analysis of dissolved fluoride in river water. Graphical abstract High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) was applied for the quantitative analysis of dissolved fluoride in river water samples from the Rhine and the Moselle. Fluoride detection was made possible by the addition of Ga for GaF formation and analysis of characteristic molecular absorption at 211.248 nm. Good agreement between HR-CS-GFMAS and ion chromatography (IC) results was obtained. In comparison with IC, HR-CS-GFMAS had a faster sample throughput and lower limit of detection and limit of quantification.
除了对健康有益外，如果每日摄入量大幅增加，氟化物也会对人类、动物和植物产生不利影响。氟化物摄入的一个主要来源是水，因此德国有多项条例规定了例如饮用水、矿泉水和垃圾渗滤液中氟化物的允许浓度。控制水相中氟化物的浓度需要有效且快速的分析方法。在这项工作中，应用了一种基于高分辨率连续光源石墨炉分子吸收光谱法（HR-CS-GFMAS）测定地表水中氟化物的替代方法。通过形成双原子分子GaF并检测特征分子吸收实现了氟化物检测。在对HR-CS-GFMAS参数进行优化后，该方法适用于地表水样品分析。研究了潜在的主要基质成分如Na、Ca、Mg和Cl以及地表水采样/储存条件对GaF分子吸收信号的影响。方法验证表明检测限低（8.1 μg/L）和定量限低（26.9 μg/L），这两个值对于0.45-μm过滤后的直接河水样品分析都足够。将优化后的HR-CS-GFMAS方法应用于莱茵河和摩泽尔河实际水样的分析。为进行方法验证，还通过离子色谱（IC）法对样品进行了分析。IC法和HR-CS-GFMAS法的结果吻合良好。与IC法相比，HR-CS-GFMAS具有更高的样品通量、更低的检测限和定量限以及更高的选择性，是一种非常适合分析河水中溶解氟化物的方法。图形摘要 高分辨率连续光源石墨炉分子吸收光谱法（HR-CS-GFMAS）用于对莱茵河和摩泽尔河河水样品中的溶解氟化物进行定量分析。通过添加Ga形成GaF并分析211.248 nm处的特征分子吸收实现了氟化物检测。HR-CS-GFMAS法与离子色谱（IC）法的结果吻合良好。与IC法相比，HR-CS-GFMAS具有更快的样品通量以及更低的检测限和定量限。
