Neves Lucas B, Afonso Inês S, Nobrega Glauco, Barbosa Luiz G, Lima Rui A, Ribeiro João E
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Erechim, Erechim 99713-028, RS, Brazil.
Micromachines (Basel). 2024 May 21;15(6):670. doi: 10.3390/mi15060670.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has attracted great attention in various fields due to its excellent properties, but its inherent hydrophobicity presents challenges in many applications that require controlled wettability. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of some key strategies for modifying the wettability of PDMS surfaces by providing the main traditional methods for this modification and the results of altering the contact angle and other characteristics associated with this property. Four main technologies are discussed, namely, oxygen plasma treatment, surfactant addition, UV-ozone treatment, and the incorporation of nanomaterials, as these traditional methods are commonly selected due to the greater availability of information, their lower complexity compared to the new techniques, and the lower cost associated with them. Oxygen plasma treatment is a widely used method for improving the hydrophilicity of PDMS surfaces by introducing polar functional groups through oxidation reactions. The addition of surfactants provides a versatile method for altering the wettability of PDMS, where the selection and concentration of the surfactant play an important role in achieving the desired surface properties. UV-ozone treatment is an effective method for increasing the surface energy of PDMS, inducing oxidation, and generating hydrophilic functional groups. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanomaterials into PDMS matrices represents a promising route for modifying wettability, providing adjustable surface properties through controlled dispersion and interfacial interactions. The synergistic effect of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, helps to improve wetting behaviour and surface energy. The present review discusses recent advances of each technique and highlights their underlying mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, promising trends and future prospects for surface modification of PDMS are discussed, and the importance of tailoring wettability for applications ranging from microfluidics to biomedical devices is highlighted. Traditional methods are often chosen to modify the wettability of the PDMS surface because they have more information available in the literature, are less complex than new techniques, and are also less expensive.
聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）因其优异的性能在各个领域引起了极大关注，但其固有的疏水性在许多需要可控润湿性的应用中带来了挑战。本综述的目的是通过介绍PDMS表面润湿性改性的主要传统方法以及改变接触角和与该特性相关的其他特征的结果，全面概述一些关键策略。讨论了四种主要技术，即氧等离子体处理、添加表面活性剂、紫外 - 臭氧处理和纳米材料的掺入，由于这些传统方法有更多的信息可供参考，与新技术相比复杂度较低且成本较低，所以它们是常用的方法。氧等离子体处理是一种广泛使用的方法，通过氧化反应引入极性官能团来提高PDMS表面的亲水性。添加表面活性剂为改变PDMS的润湿性提供了一种通用方法，其中表面活性剂的选择和浓度在实现所需表面性能方面起着重要作用。紫外 - 臭氧处理是提高PDMS表面能、诱导氧化并产生亲水性官能团的有效方法。此外，将纳米材料掺入PDMS基体是一种很有前景的润湿性改性途径，通过可控的分散和界面相互作用提供可调节的表面性能。纳米材料（如纳米颗粒和纳米管）的协同效应有助于改善润湿行为和表面能。本综述讨论了每种技术的最新进展，并突出了其潜在机制、优点和局限性。此外，还讨论了PDMS表面改性的有前景的趋势和未来前景，并强调了针对从微流控到生物医学设备等应用定制润湿性的重要性。传统方法通常被选择用于改性PDMS表面的润湿性，因为它们在文献中有更多可用信息，比新技术更简单，而且成本也更低。
