Zhang Yu-Chan, Yuan Chao, Chen Yue-Qin
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Fundam Res. 2023 Mar 17;3(5):718-726. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.020. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Molecular breeding is one of the most effective methods for improving the performance of crops. Understanding the genome features of crops, especially the physiological functions of individual genes, is of great importance to molecular breeding. Evidence has shown that genomes of both animals and plants transcribe numerous non-coding RNAs, which are involved in almost every aspect of development. In crops, an increasing number of studies have proven that non-coding RNAs are new genetic resources for regulating crop traits. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of non-coding RNAs, which are potential crop trait regulators, and focus on the functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in determining crop grain yield, phased small-interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) in regulating fertility, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in facilitating plant immune response and disease resistance, and miRNAs mediating nutrient and metal stress. Finally, we also discuss the next-generation method for ncRNA application in crop domestication and breeding.
分子育种是提高作物性能最有效的方法之一。了解作物的基因组特征，尤其是单个基因的生理功能，对分子育种至关重要。有证据表明，动物和植物的基因组都会转录大量非编码RNA，这些非编码RNA几乎参与了发育的各个方面。在作物中，越来越多的研究证明非编码RNA是调控作物性状的新遗传资源。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于作为潜在作物性状调控因子的非编码RNA的现有知识，并重点关注长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在决定作物籽粒产量方面的功能、阶段性小干扰RNA（phasiRNA）在调控育性方面的功能、小干扰RNA（siRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）在促进植物免疫反应和抗病性方面的功能，以及miRNA在介导营养和金属胁迫方面的功能。最后，我们还讨论了非编码RNA应用于作物驯化和育种的下一代方法。
