Dos Santos Yves S, Rossato Mateus, Carneiro Neice B, Franken Marcos, Antônio de Souza Castro Flávio, de Jesus Kelly, de Jesus Karla
Laboratory of Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Health Sciences Department, Integrated Regional University of Alto Uruguai and Missions, Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Jun 27:1-15. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2370978.
Asymmetries in swimming can be the result of poor technique or coordination between limbs, reducing the ability to produce propulsive force and increasing resistive drag. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the magnitude and determine the consistency of isokinetic peak torque asymmetries between the angular velocities of in the shoulder joint movements of internal and external rotation, flexion, and extension. Twenty-one competitive swimmers performed concentric actions at 60°/s (3 repetitions) and 180°/s (20 repetitions) in the movements of internal and external rotation, flexion, and extension of the shoulders using an isokinetic dynamometer, with the peak torque and asymmetry index being common metrics across the tests. The results showed a greater magnitude of asymmetry in internal rotation (16.86 vs. 9.86; = 0.007) and flexion (12.06 vs. 7.35; = 0.008) at 60 vs. 180°/s, respectively. The agreement levels of the direction of asymmetries between angular velocities were fair to substantial (Kappa: 0.40 to 0.69). Evaluating isokinetic torque in different movements and angular velocities resulted in different levels of asymmetry. Muscle force asymmetries can impact propulsion efficiency and movement coordination during swimming. Understanding muscle asymmetries allows the development of targeted and individualised training programmes to correct strength imbalances.
游泳中的不对称可能是技术不佳或肢体间协调性差的结果，这会降低产生推进力的能力并增加阻力。因此，本研究旨在比较内旋、外旋、屈曲和伸展时肩关节运动角速度的等速峰值扭矩不对称的程度，并确定其一致性。21名竞技游泳运动员使用等速测力计在肩部内旋、外旋、屈曲和伸展运动中以60°/秒（3次重复）和180°/秒（20次重复）进行向心动作，峰值扭矩和不对称指数是各项测试的常用指标。结果显示，在60°/秒和180°/秒时，内旋（16.86对9.86；P = 0.007）和屈曲（12.06对7.35；P = 0.008）的不对称程度更大。角速度之间不对称方向的一致性水平为中等至高度（卡帕值：0.40至0.69）。评估不同运动和角速度下的等速扭矩会导致不同程度的不对称。肌肉力量不对称会影响游泳时的推进效率和运动协调性。了解肌肉不对称情况有助于制定有针对性的个性化训练计划，以纠正力量不平衡。
