Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan.
Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2024 Aug;69(4):697-712. doi: 10.1007/s12223-024-01181-0. Epub 2024 Jun 27.
Phosphate-solubilising fungi (PSF) are beneficial microorganisms that play a pivotal role in plant growth by increasing the availability of phosphorus (P) in soil. Although phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants, it often becomes inaccessible as it binds into insoluble forms. PSF effectively facilitate the release of this bound phosphorus through diverse mechanisms. Numerous fungal species demonstrate the ability to solubilise various types of phosphate compounds. Among the commonly researched PSF are Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Sclerotium. Moreover, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae can potentially be leveraged as PSF. PSF secrete organic acids that chelate phosphate ions, thereby increasing their solubility in the soil. Moreover, PSF contribute to the decomposition of organic phosphorus compounds in soil by employing enzymes such as phosphatases, phytases, and phosphonatases. Furthermore, PSF can interact with other soil microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM-fungi), fostering synergistic effects that further enhance plant growth and nutrient absorption. The utilisation of PSF as biofertilisers offers numerous advantages over chemical fertilisers, including environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced fertiliser utilisation efficiency. Furthermore, PSF can prove beneficial in challenging environments characterised by high phosphate sorption. Hence, this review serves as an updated study aimed at broadening the understanding of PSF and its potential applications in P solubilisation. This review also focuses on the diversity of PSF, the mechanisms underlying solubilisation, ecological roles of PSF in soil microbiome, and the benefits of sustainable agriculture. By delving into the ecological roles of PSF and their potential as biofertilisers, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable agriculture practices and addresses challenges in phosphate-scarce environments.
解磷真菌（PSF）是有益微生物，通过增加土壤中磷（P）的可利用性，在植物生长中发挥关键作用。虽然磷是植物的必需养分，但由于它与不溶性物质结合而变得难以获得。PSF 通过多种机制有效地促进这种结合磷的释放。许多真菌物种具有溶解各种类型磷酸盐化合物的能力。研究较多的 PSF 包括青霉属、曲霉属、根霉属、镰刀菌属、木霉属和菌核属。此外，酵母如酿酒酵母也可以作为 PSF 加以利用。PSF 分泌有机酸，螯合磷酸离子，从而增加其在土壤中的溶解度。此外，PSF 通过使用磷酸酶、植酸酶和膦酸盐酶等酶促进土壤中有机磷化合物的分解。此外，PSF 可以与其他土壤微生物相互作用，包括固氮细菌和丛枝菌根真菌（AM 真菌），促进协同作用，进一步增强植物生长和养分吸收。与化学肥料相比，PSF 作为生物肥料具有许多优势，包括环境友好、成本效益高和提高肥料利用率。此外，PSF 在具有高磷吸附能力的挑战性环境中可能有益。因此，本综述旨在拓宽对 PSF 及其在磷溶解中的潜在应用的理解，作为一项更新的研究。本综述还重点介绍了 PSF 的多样性、溶解的机制、PSF 在土壤微生物组中的生态作用以及可持续农业的好处。通过深入研究 PSF 的生态作用及其作为生物肥料的潜力，本研究有助于更深入地了解可持续农业实践，并解决磷匮乏环境中的挑战。
